Diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) holds potential to improve the detection and
biological characterization of breast cancer. DWI is increasingly being
incorporated into breast MRI protocols to address some of the shortcomings of
routine clinical breast MRI. Potential benefits include improved differentiation
of benign and malignant breast lesions, assessment and prediction of therapeutic
efficacy, and non-contrast detection of breast cancer. The breast presents a
unique imaging environment with significant physiologic and inter-subject
variations, as well as specific challenges to achieving reliable high quality
diffusion weighted MR images. Technical innovations are helping to overcome many
of the image quality issues that have limited widespread use of DWI for breast
imaging. Advanced modeling approaches to further characterize tissue perfusion,
complexity, and glandular organization may expand knowledge and yield improved
diagnostic tools.