Comparison of regulated emission factors of Euro 6 LDV in Nordic temperatures and cold start conditions: Diesel- and gasoline direct-injection

Weber, C.; Sundvor, Ingrid; Figenbaum, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.031

Cited by 54 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…close (THC) or below the limits required at 23 °C. At cold temperature, emissions were also comparable to those previously reported for Euro 6b gasoline vehicles without GPF [8,20,38], with the exception of CO which were 2 times lower than those reported by others [38]. It should be noted that currently only THC and CO emissions are regulated at −7 °C (UNECE Regulation 83).…”

Section: Cycles At −7 • Csupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Emission substantially increased when the vehicle was tested at cold ambient temperature (−7 • C), compared to 23 • C ( Table 1). This negative effect has been previously reported for Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles [7,20,[37][38][39]. These studies (and the references therein) summarize that at lower ambient temperatures, the engine and catalyst take longer to warm up, which results in higher emissions.…”

Section: Cycles At −7 • Csupporting

confidence: 62%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Laboratory and On-Road Evaluation of a GPF-Equipped Gasoline Vehicle

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The introduction of a solid particle number limit for vehicles with gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines resulted in a lot of research and improvements in this field in the last decade. The requirement to also fulfil the limit in the recently introduced real-driving emissions (RDE) regulation led to the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) in European vehicle models. As the pre-standardisation research was based on engines, retrofitted vehicles and prototype vehicles, there is a need to better characterise the actual emissions of GPF-equipped GDI vehicles. In the present study we investigate one of the first mass production vehicles with GPF available in the European market. Regulated and non-regulated pollutants were measured over different test cycles and ambient temperatures (23 °C and −7 °C) in the laboratory and different on-road routes driven normally or dynamically and up to 1100 m altitude. The results showed that the vehicle respected all applicable limits. However, under certain conditions high emissions of some pollutants were measured (total hydrocarbons emissions at −7 °C, high CO during dynamic RDE tests and high NOx emissions in one dynamic RDE test). The particle number emissions, even including those below 23 nm, were lower than 6 × 1010 particles/km under all laboratory test cycles and on-road routes, which are <10% of the current laboratory limit (6 × 1011 particles/km).

show abstract

Section: Cycles At −7 • Csupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Cycles At −7 • Csupporting

confidence: 62%

Laboratory and On-Road Evaluation of a GPF-Equipped Gasoline Vehicle

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yet, as this new regulation came in force in 2017, the standing PN regulation for cars in the present study was still the older one of 6 × 10 12 #/km, which the gasoline cars in the present study complied with. Moreover, this high PN from gasoline cars might be due to the cold temperature (− 7°C) during the testing phase, as cold temperature have been associated with increased PN and PAH concentrations from recent studies [52,67]. The same might apply with the Euro 6 diesel car in association with NOx emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Hence, the running and starting conditions influence the emissions in addition to differences in fuels. For example, cold temperature is linked to higher emissions from passenger cars, affecting most notably PM and NO x emissions [52,67]. However, the effect of the cold temperature to toxicity of the emissions remains inadequately studied, although some studies have been conducted [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Emissions from road traffic are under constant discussion since they pose a major threat to human health despite the increasingly strict emission targets and regulations. Although the new passenger car regulations have been very effective in reducing the particulate matter (PM) emissions, the aged car fleet in some EU countries remains a substantial source of PM emissions. Moreover, toxicity of PM emissions from multiple new types of biobased fuels remain uncertain and different driving conditions such as the sub-zero running temperature has been shown to affect the emissions. Overall, the current literature and experimental knowledge on the toxicology of these PM emissions and conditions is scarce. Methods: In the present study, we show that exhaust gas PM from newly regulated passenger cars fueled by different fuels at sub-zero temperatures, induce toxicological responses in vitro. We used exhaust gas volume-based PM doses to give us better insight on the real-life exposure and included one older diesel car to estimate the effect of the new emissions regulations. Results: In cars compliant with the new regulations, gasoline (E10) displayed the highest PM concentrations and toxicological responses, while the higher ethanol blend (E85) resulted in slightly lower exhaust gas PM concentrations and notably lower toxicological responses in comparison. Engines powered by modern diesel and compressed natural gas (CNG) yielded the lowest PM concentrations and toxicological responses. Conclusions: The present study shows that toxicity of the exhaust gas PM varies depending on the fuels used. Additionally, concentration and toxicity of PM from an older diesel car were vastly higher, compared to contemporary vehicles, indicating the beneficial effects of the new emissions regulations.

show abstract

“…If considering vehicles, engine efficiency has been improved, but global efficiency has been limited by rising demand for Sport Utility Vehicles and comfort equipment as air conditioning or large tires [14].…”

Section: Road Energy Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle energy savings by optimizing road speed-sectioning

Coiret

Deljanin

Vandanjon

2020

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a context of decreasing resources and of climate change, lowering road vehicles consumption is a key point to meet CO 2 reduction requirements. In addition to car technological advances, eco-driving is part of the solution but the road infrastructure should ensure its development. This work aims to demonstrate that road energy demand and associated pollutant emissions can be reduced by working out minor optimization of road infrastructure itself. For this to happen, a simple eco-driving potential criterion is built upon infrastructure parameters such as slopes and sight distances. This criterion aims to detect Misplaced Speed-sectioning Positions (MSP) with regard to the Starting Point of Deceleration (SPD); with speed-sectioning being the succession of speed changes along a given route. An enhanced energy waste formulation is then developed to quantify the vehicles energy waste due to misplaced roadsigns. Thirdly, a traffic simulation constitutes a framework for energy evaluation; considering a full flow of vehicles, based on real traffic data, and by modeling several driver behaviors. Simulation results show that a significant fuel reduction of up to 5.5% can be achieved locally, simply by moving a road sign, for rural areas and without degrading road safety.

show abstract

Comparison of regulated emission factors of Euro 6 LDV in Nordic temperatures and cold start conditions: Diesel- and gasoline direct-injection

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Laboratory and On-Road Evaluation of a GPF-Equipped Gasoline Vehicle

Laboratory and On-Road Evaluation of a GPF-Equipped Gasoline Vehicle

Toxicological evaluation of exhaust emissions from light-duty vehicles using different fuel alternatives in sub-freezing conditions

Vehicle energy savings by optimizing road speed-sectioning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About