Comparison of rolled, NaOH treated and ensiled wheat grain in dairy cattle diets

Campeneere, Sam De; Boever, J.L. De; Brabander, D.L. De

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.08.003

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Several in situ experiments have studied the ruminal degradation of wheat grain, either in comparison with other grain types or as influenced by different growing and/or processing methods (Arieli et al., ; Givens et al., ; Michalet‐Doreau et al., ; Philippeau et al., ; Turgut et al., ; de Campeneere et al., ; Lund et al., ; Arroyo et al., ). To our knowledge, only three studies compared the in situ degradation of different wheat grain genotypes (Garnsworthy and Wiseman, ; Swan et al., ; McAllister and Sultana, ), and only two studies investigated the gas production (GP) kinetics of a set of different genotypes of wheat grains (Lanzas et al., ; Pozdíšek and Vaculová, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ starch and crude protein degradation in the rumen and in vitro gas production kinetics of wheat genotypes

Seifried

Steingaß

Hoffmann

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The objective of this study was to determine the variation of in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and starch (ST), and to determine the effective degradation (ED) of wheat genotypes. Further, multivariate associations of these in situ values with their corresponding in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics and laboratory measurements were evaluated using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Grains of 20 genotypes of wheat were characterized by proximate constituents, amino acid (AA) composition and physical characteristics. Ruminal degradation kinetics were determined by in situ degradation of DM, CP and ST, and subsequent evaluation of in vitro GP relative to time courses. In situ and GP measurements were fitted to an exponential equation, and ED was calculated using passage rates in the rumen of 5%/h (ED5) and 8%/h (ED8). To predict ED8 of CP (EDCP8) and ST (EDST8), correlations were evaluated and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were applied. Estimated degradation parameters varied considerably between wheat genotypes irrespective of the nutrient tested. Variance in a, b and c was not reflected in the variation of the ED, due to high degradation rates (c). The assumed passage rate also impacted estimation of the ED minimally. Estimated GP parameters varied only slightly among wheat genotypes. Nevertheless, regression models explained up to 80 and 99% of the variance in EDCP8 and EDST8, respectively, and associations between EDST8 and EDCP8 and chemical and physical characteristics of grains were detected. As ST is the primary nutrient in wheat grains and can comprise substantial portions of dairy rations, the total amount of ST as well as its ED in the rumen should be taken into account when wheat is incorporated into dairy rations. Conversely, variance in wheat grain CP degradation was very low and can largely be neglected in practical ration formulation for ruminants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ starch and crude protein degradation in the rumen and in vitro gas production kinetics of wheat genotypes

Seifried

Steingaß

Hoffmann

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Similarly, O'Mara et al (1997) found no difference in DMI between cows fed SHW or ground wheat, but in their study DMIs were generally very low (14 kg/day). The higher intake of the SHW-based ration might be explained by a decreased ruminal degradability of starch in SHW, which is expected to render the rumen environment less compromised by fermentation products (O'Mara et al, 1997;De Campeneere et al, 2006;Larsen et al, 2009) or by the lower NDF intake in SHW-fed cows compared with barley-and MCS-fed cows (Table 3). In the present study 1, the DMI was lowest for the MCS ration.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same pH patterns were shown by O'Mara et al (1997), when comparing ground wheat and SHW, and by Gulmez and Turkmen (2007), when comparing ground wheat and ground maize. There are different explanations to the more stable rumen pH of MCS-and SHW-fed cows compared with barleyfed cows: In MCS-fed cows, the higher intake of NDF leads to an increase in chewing time (Tables 3 and 6), which aids in stabilising the pH by stimulating saliva secretion and rumen motility (Nørgaard et al, 2011), and the reduced starch degradability of SHW in the rumen should, in theory, prevent an accumulation of fermentation products (O'Mara et al, 1997;De Campeneere et al, 2006). However, no differences in total VFA were found in the present study 2.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ruminal acidosis can occur when feeding barley as the major energy supplement, whereas SHW reduces this risk owing to a reduced ruminal starch degradability of SHW caused by the chemical treatment and the feeding of whole grains (O'Mara et al, 1997;De Campeneere et al, 2006). Another means of preventing ruminal acidosis is by increasing the amount of roughage in the ration, which consequently reduces the energy density of the ration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Milk production is unaffected by replacing barley or sodium hydroxide wheat with maize cob silage in rations for dairy cows

Hymøller

Hellwing

Lund

et al. 2014

Animal

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Starch is an important energy-providing nutrient for dairy cows that is most commonly provided from cereal grains. However, ruminal fermentation of large amounts of easily degradable starch leads to excessive production and accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA). VFA not only play a vital role in the energy metabolism of dairy cows but are also the main cause of ruminal acidosis and depressed feed intake. The aim of the present study was to compare maize cob silage (MCS) as an energy supplement in rations for dairy cows with highly rumen-digestible rolled barley and with sodium hydroxide wheat (SHW), which has a higher proportion of by-pass starch than barley. Two studies were carried out: (1) a production study on 45 Danish Holstein cows and (2) an intensive study to determine digestibilities, rumen fermentation patterns and methane emission using three rumen-cannulated Danish Holstein cows. Both studies were organised as a 3 × 3 Latin square with three experimental periods and three different mixed rations. The rations consisted of grass-clover silage and maize silage (~60% of dry matter (DM)), rapeseed cake, soybean meal, sugar beet pulp and one of three different cereals as a major energy supplement: MCS, SHW or rolled barley (~25% of DM). When MCS replaced barley or SHW as an energy supplement in the mixed rations, it resulted in a lower dry matter intake; however, the apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter, NDF, starch and protein were not different between treatments. The energy-corrected milk yield was unaffected by treatment. The fat content of the milk on the MCS ration was not different from the SHW ration, whereas it was higher on the barley ration. The protein content of the milk decreased when MCS was used in the ration compared with barley and SHW. From ruminal VFA patterns and pH measures, it appeared that MCS possessed roughage qualities with respect to rumen environment, while at the same time being sufficiently energy rich to replace barley and SHW as a major energy supplement for milk production. The environmental impact, expressed as methane emissions, was not different when comparing MCS, SHW and barley.

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“…Although there have been many studies on the effect of wheat (e.g., cracked, NaOH treatment, steam-rolled) on dairy cows performance ( De Campeneere et al, 2006 ), there is little published information on the potential use of coarsely ground wheat (CGW) as a primary ingredient in rations for lactating dairy cows. Therefore, the objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of a linear increase in the level of CGW as a substitute for ground corn (GC) in diets on ruminal fermentation characteristics, feed intake and digestion, lactation performance and plasma metabolites profiles in lactation Holstein cows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Coarsely Ground Wheat as a Replacement for Ground Corn in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows

Guo

Zou

Cao

et al. 2013

Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci

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Eight multiparous Holstein cows (569±47 kg of BW; 84±17 DIM) were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of coarsely ground wheat (CGW) as replacements for ground corn (GC) in diets on feed intake and digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, and plasma metabolites profiles in dairy cows. The cows were settled in a replicated 4×4 Latin square design with 3-wk treatment periods; four cows in one of the replicates were fitted with rumen cannulas. The four diets contained 0, 9.6, 19.2, and 28.8% CGW and 27.9, 19.2, 9.6, and 0% GC on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Increasing dietary levels of CGW, daily DM intake tended to increase quadratically (p = 0.07); however, apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly decreased (p<0.01) in cows fed the 28.8% CGW diets. Ruminal pH remained in the normal physiological range for all dietary treatments at all times, except for the 28.8% CGW diets at 6 h after feeding; moreover, increasing dietary levels of CGW, the daily mean ruminal pH decreased linearly (p = 0.01). Increasing the dietary levels of CGW resulted in a linear increase in ruminal propionate (p<0.01) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (p = 0.06) concentration, while ruminal acetate: propionate decreased linearly (p = 0.03) in cows fed the 28.8% CGW diets. Milk production was not affected by diets; however, percentage and yield of milk fat decreased linearly (p = 0.02) when the level of CGW was increased. With increasing levels of dietary CGW, concentrations of plasma beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) (p = 0.07) and cholesterol (p<0.01) decreased linearly, whereas plasma glucose (p = 0.08), insulin (p = 0.02) and urea nitrogen (p = 0.02) increased linearly at 6 h after the morning feeding. Our results indicate that CGW is a suitable substitute for GC in the diets of dairy cows and that it may be included up to a level of 19.2% of DM without adverse effects on feed intake and digestion, ruminal fermentation, lactation performance, and plasma metabolites if the cows are fed fiber-sufficient diets.

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Comparison of rolled, NaOH treated and ensiled wheat grain in dairy cattle diets

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

In situ starch and crude protein degradation in the rumen and in vitro gas production kinetics of wheat genotypes

In situ starch and crude protein degradation in the rumen and in vitro gas production kinetics of wheat genotypes

Milk production is unaffected by replacing barley or sodium hydroxide wheat with maize cob silage in rations for dairy cows

Evaluation of Coarsely Ground Wheat as a Replacement for Ground Corn in the Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows

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