Comparison of Salivary IgA Secretion Rate Collected by the Aspiration Method and Swab          Method

Hamuro, Koji; Kotani, Yasunori; Toba, Masamichi; Kakumoto, Keiji; Kohda, Noriyuki

doi:10.12938/bmfh.32.107

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although we need at least 2.5 μL saliva for the IgA assay, a combination of PBS and NE injection did not yield enough volume of saliva. It has been reported that the aspiration method does not suppress the diurnal variation in salivary IgA secretion compared to the swab method in human experiments 32 . Therefore, we used pipettes to collect saliva.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Wada

Orihara

Kamagata

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The salivary gland is rhythmically controlled by sympathetic nerve activation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which functions as the main oscillator of circadian rhythms. In humans, salivary IgA concentrations reflect circadian rhythmicity, which peak during sleep. However, the mechanisms controlling this rhythmicity are not well understood. Therefore, we examined whether the timing of parasympathetic (pilocarpine) or sympathetic (norepinephrine; NE) activation affects IgA secretion in the saliva. The concentrations of saliva IgA modulated by pilocarpine activation or by a combination of pilocarpine and NE activation were the highest in the middle of the light period, independent of saliva flow rate. The circadian rhythm of IgA secretion was weakened by an SCN lesion and Clock gene mutation, suggesting the importance of the SCN and Clock gene on this rhythm. Adrenoceptor antagonists blocked both NE-and pilocarpine-induced basal secretion of IgA. Dimeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and forms the IgA-pIgR complex. The circadian rhythm of Pigr abundance peaked during the light period, suggesting pIgR expression upon rhythmic secretion of IgA. We speculate that activation of sympathetic nerves during sleep may protect from bacterial access to the epithelial surface through enhanced secretion of IgA.Mammals possess circadian clock systems that control various physiological phenomena such as body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, and liver metabolism 1, 2 . Circadian clock systems are organized by a central clock called the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) 3 , and by peripheral clocks located in many peripheral organs 4,5 . In addition to this system, biological functions of metabolism and the immune system are also known to affect circadian rhythms 6,7 .IgA is a type of antibody that works mainly in the mucosal immune system. It is abundant in the mucus of saliva and the small intestine 8 . Since plasma cells produce IgA in the salivary glands, there is a large amount of IgA in saliva. Therefore, IgA plays an important role as the first line of defense in oral immunity 9 . Monomers of IgA form dimeric IgA (dIgA) through the J chain. This dIgA binds the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and forms the IgA-pIgR complex. The IgA-pIgR complex is transported to the lumen from the basolateral surface. Proteolytic cleavage occurs at the apical surface, and a fragment of pIgR becomes a secretory component (SC) that binds dIgA. In this way, secretory IgA (sIgA) combines with other SCs, and free SCs are released. As a result, sIgA binds to luminal bacteria and prevents them from accessing the epithelial surface 9 . Therefore, a reduction in salivary IgA levels allows bacterial access to the epithelial surface and leads to various diseases such as upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and periodontal disease 10 . A few studies demonstrated that salivary IgA concentrations display diurnal variat...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Wada

Orihara

Kamagata

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is the most abundant immunoglobulin in saliva, and plays a critical role in mucosal immunity [ 20 ]. S-IgA concentrations were used as a noninvasive indicator of immunity [ 21 ] and/or environmental stress [ 22 ]. Several studies reported that salivary S-IgA concentrations also exhibited diurnal variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Changes in Distribution Characteristics of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations

Kobayashi

Song

Ikei

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Salivary cortisol and secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) are important biomarkers for environmental and public health research. The present study investigated the diurnal variations of these salivary biomarkers, with a focus on the change of distribution characteristics (i.e., skewness and kurtosis) of the concentrations. The participants in this study were 113 healthy young males. Salivary samples were collected in the morning (6:30–7:30 a.m.) and afternoon (1:00–4:00 p.m.). The skewness and kurtosis of salivary cortisol concentrations in afternoon samples (skewness = 1.06, kurtosis = 4.78) were significantly higher than those in morning samples (skewness = 0.49, kurtosis = 2.80). The differences in skewness and kurtosis of S-IgA concentrations were non-significant; however, the standard deviation and interquartile ranges for afternoon S-IgA concentrations were significantly smaller than those for morning S-IgA concentrations. Logarithmic transformation improved the distribution of afternoon cortisol values, making it an almost normal distribution, but the transformation showed no improvement in the distribution of morning cortisol or S-IgA values. The present study explored diurnal changes in the distribution characteristics of salivary cortisol and S-IgA. Consideration of a possible diurnal change in the distribution characteristics is needed when we compare the difference in these salivary biomarkers between different times of day.

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“…Technically, the circadian rhythms of immunoglobulin A production in the saliva is important. Regarding sampling, aspiration turned out to be superior to swabs 126 . Furthermore, also the detection of different bacteria such as Firmicutes including Streptococcus and Gemella, and Bacteroidetes including Prevotella 127 is subject to variation.…”

Section: Microbiome In Otorhinolaryngologymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Technisch ist die zirkadiane Rhythmik u. a. der Immunglobulin-A-Produktion im Speichel von Bedeutung. Hier zeigte sich das Aspirat der Probengewinnung mittels Abstrich überlegen 126 . Weiterhin unterliegen auch der Nachweis von verschiedenen Bakterien, wie Firmicutes inkl.…”

Section: 41 Mikrobiom Des Speichelsunclassified

Das Mikrobiom – die unplanbare Größe zukünftiger Therapien

Beule

2018

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol

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The microbiome is defined as the total of cellular microorganisms of baczerial, viral or e. g., parasite origin living on the surface of a body. Within the anatomical areas of otorhinolaryngology, a significant divergence and variance can be demonstrated. For ear, nose, throat, larynx and cutis different interactions of microbiome and common factors like age, diet and live style factors (e. g., smoking) have been detected in recent years. Besides, new insights hint at a passible pathognomic role of the microbiome towards diseases in the ENT area. This review article resumes the present findings of this rapidly devloping scientific area.

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Comparison of Salivary IgA Secretion Rate Collected by the Aspiration Method and Swab Method

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice

Diurnal Changes in Distribution Characteristics of Salivary Cortisol and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations

Das Mikrobiom – die unplanbare Größe zukünftiger Therapien

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