Comparison of saturated areas mapping methods in the Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic

Kulasova, Alena; Beven, Keith; Blažková, Šárka; Řezáčová, Daniela; Cajthaml, Jiri

doi:10.2478/johh-2014-0002

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The aim was to reproduce the material distribution patterns observed in many soils, e.g., Cambisols [ Cislerova and Votrubova , ; Cislerova et al ., ], in whose dense regions (stones and fine soil matrix) of lower hydraulic conductivity are surrounded by coarse weathered material of the hydraulic conductivity of 2 or more orders of magnitude higher. Such soils are common in many mountainous headwater catchments where soil profile saturates frequently due to high‐intensity rainfall and shallow impermeable bedrock [ Kulasova et al ., ]. In sample prepared for this experiment, a matrix formed by fine corundum sand (FS) (sand for sand tank apparatus, F220 according the FEPA Standard 44‐D‐1986, Synthetic sand, Eijkelkamp, Netherlands) was surrounded with a structure of coarse quartz sand (CS) (FH31, Quarzwerke Frechen, GmbH, Frechen, Germany) representing preferential flow pathways.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and entrapped air redistribution in heterogeneous sand sample: Quantitative neutron imaging of the process

Sněhota

Jelínková

Sobotková

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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Saturated flow in soil with the occurrence of preferential flow often exhibits temporal changes of saturated hydraulic conductivity even during the time scale of a single infiltration event. These effects, observed in a number of experiments done mainly on heterogeneous soils, are often attributed to the changing distribution of water and air in the sample. We have measured the variation of the flow rates during the steady state stage of the constant head ponded infiltration experiment conducted on a packed sample composed of three different grades of sand. The experiment was monitored by quantitative neutron imaging, which provided information about the spatial distribution of water in the sample. Measurements were taken during (i) the initial stages of infiltration by neutron radiography and (ii) during the steady state flow by neutron tomography. A gradual decrease of the hydraulic conductivity has been observed during the first 4 h of the infiltration event. A series of neutron tomography images taken during the quasi-steady state stage showed the trapping of air bubbles in coarser sand. Furthermore, the water content in the coarse sand decreased even more while the water content in the embedded fine sand blocks gradually increased. The experimental results support the hypothesis that the effect of the gradual hydraulic conductivity decrease is caused by entrapped air redistribution and the build up of bubbles in preferential pathways. The trapped air thus restricts the preferential flow pathways and causes lower hydraulic conductivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and entrapped air redistribution in heterogeneous sand sample: Quantitative neutron imaging of the process

Sněhota

Jelínková

Sobotková

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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“…Moreover, most of the existing studies have focused on using conceptual models and analyzing the performance of diverse topographic and wetness indices as predictive tools [e.g., Franks et al ., ; Güntner et al ., ; Grabs et al ., ; Birkel et al ., ; Ali et al ., ] and not on including surface saturation patterns in multicriterion validation [cf., Doppler et al ., ]. One reason for this is that current research still focuses on finding suitable methods to map surface saturation and its dynamics based on direct assessment according to the squishy boot method [e.g., Rinderer et al ., ], hydrometric data [e.g., Kulasova et al ., ], vegetation patterns [e.g., Kulasova et al ., ], soil morphology [e.g., Doppler et al ., ], or remote sensing data [e.g., Matgen et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the value of surface saturated area dynamics mapped with thermal infrared imagery for modeling the hillslope-riparian-stream continuum

et al. 2016

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The highly dynamic processes within a hillslope-riparian-stream (HRS) continuum are known to affect streamflow generation, but are yet not fully understood. Within this study, we simulated a headwater HRS continuum in western Luxembourg with an integrated hydrologic surface subsurface model (HydroGeoSphere). The model was setup with thorough consideration of catchment-specific attributes and we performed a multicriteria model evaluation (4 years) with special focus on the temporally varying spatial patterns of surface saturation. We used a portable thermal infrared (TIR) camera to map surface saturation with a high spatial resolution and collected 20 panoramic snapshots of the riparian zone (approx. 10 m 3 20 m) under different hydrologic conditions. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the processed TIR panoramas and the corresponding model output panoramas revealed a good agreement between spatiotemporal dynamic model and field surface saturation patterns. A double logarithmic linear relationship between surface saturation extent and discharge was similar for modeled and observed data. This provided confidence in the capability of an integrated hydrologic surface subsurface model to represent temporal and spatial water flux dynamics at small (HRS continuum) scales. However, model scenarios with different parameterizations of the riparian zone showed that discharge and surface saturation were controlled by different parameters and hardly influenced each other. Surface saturation only affected very fast runoff responses with a small volumetric contribution to stream discharge, indicating that the dynamic surface saturation in the riparian zone does not necessarily imply a major control on runoff generation.

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“…A number of modifications of the continuous simulation with TOPMODEL had to be introduced in this study: particularly in the snow model (Figure ), the amount of rainfall and on the recession curve (see Blazkova & Beven, for more details). In order to get the right results for the right reasons, we have used the experience from our long term studies of runoff generation (Blazkova & Beven, , Blazkova, Beven, & Kulasova, , Blazkova, Beven, Tacheci, & Kulasova, , Kulasova, Beven, Blazkova, Rezacova, & Cajthaml, , ).…”

Section: Frequency Topmodel Within the Glue Framework With The Acceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous simulation for computing design hydrographs for water structures

Blažková

Blazek²,

Jánský

2017

Hydrological Processes

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The contribution discusses the problems with modelling design floods for water structures. The statistical extrapolations of observed flood series of, for example, 80 years "only" to the annual exceedance probability AEP = 0.01 is difficult due to the large variability in extreme values. For large dams, however, the AEP = 0.001 or 0.0001 is required. Most of the uncertainties in hydrological modelling are epistemic (uncertainties in model structure, model parameters, inputs, calibration data, and in measurements) and moreover some measurements can be disinformative.With powerful computers, it is now possible to produce very long series (100 to100,000 years in hourly time step) using precipitation and temperatures computed with a weather model. Within the framework of the Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) many (thousands) of such continuous simulations are produced and compared to the observed historical data. According to Keith Beven's Manifesto for the equifinality thesis the differences between modelled and observed values should not be larger than some limits of acceptability based on what is known about errors in the input and output observations used for model evaluation (e.g., for flow the current metering data are used). The unacceptable realisations are rejected. We have been working with the frequency version of TOPMODEL in various versions according to the unique characteristics of each catchment. Design hydrographs for water structures are then extracted from the acceptable realisations. The continuous simulation with uncertainty estimation seems nowadays the most promising method of computing design hydrographs for important water structures, even if issues associated with epistemic uncertainty of model assumptions remain.

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Comparison of saturated areas mapping methods in the Jizera Mountains, Czech Republic

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Water and entrapped air redistribution in heterogeneous sand sample: Quantitative neutron imaging of the process

Water and entrapped air redistribution in heterogeneous sand sample: Quantitative neutron imaging of the process

On the value of surface saturated area dynamics mapped with thermal infrared imagery for modeling the hillslope-riparian-stream continuum

Continuous simulation for computing design hydrographs for water structures

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