Comparison of Sedative Effects Induced by Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Midazolam and Medetomidine-Butorphanol in Dogs.

Hayashi, Kei; Nishimura, Ryohei; Yamaki, Akira; Kim, Hwi-Yool; Matsunaga, Satoru; Sasaki, Nobuo; Takeuchi, Akira

doi:10.1292/jvms.56.951

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…24,25 Although midazolam, when administered alone, induces only a weak sedative effect in dogs, it is highly synergistic. 16,17 Thus, it may have reduced the dose of thiopental or propofol needed for induction in the study reported here. However, care must be taken to ensure that clinicians and researchers do not administer an overdose of injectable anesthetics when inducing anesthesia in dogs medicated with MM.…”

Section: Time After Intubation (Min)mentioning

confidence: 88%

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Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs

Kojima

Nishimura

Mutoh

et al. 2002

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Section: Time After Intubation (Min)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Dosages of these drug combinations were consistent with dosages used in other studies. 14,[16][17][18][19] The PS treatment was administered at the rate of 0.2 mL/kg. All cardiopulmonary variables were measured again 10 minutes after administration of the preanesthetic medications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs

Kojima

Nishimura

Mutoh

et al. 2002

ajvr

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“…even though some drugs used in this protocol usually produce depressant effects of the cardio-respiratory system when administered under different conditions or alone [7,15,30,38,39,49,51,58], paradoxically our combined anaesthetic protocol was very effective in maintaining the hemodynamic homeostasis along all the time of surgery. in effect, the cardiac frequency was constant, neither hypotension nor hypertension was recorded and the body temperature did not alter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

et al. 2014

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Nowadays, because of increasing employment of swine for experimental studies and medical training, it is hopeful to investigate novel and effective anaesthetic protocols for preserving the animal welfare in medical investigation and concurrently improving the quality of research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a novel and effective anaesthetic protocol in swine undergoing major surgery, by translating know-how of combined anaesthesia from human protocols. Seven landrace swine were anaesthetized for three hours by a combined trial anaesthetic protocol (sedation: medetomidine, acepromazine, atropine and tramadol; induction: propofol, medetomidine and acepromazine; anaesthesia: isofluorane, propofol, medetomidine and acepromazine) and both clinical and haemodynamic parameters were compared with those of five swine anaesthetized with a control protocol (sedation: diazepam, ketamine and atropina; induction: diazepam and ketamine; anaesthesia: isofluorane). Both cardiac frequency (CF) and mean blood pressure (MBP) were significantly (P<0.05) more stable in trial protocol (CF: 78.3 ± 4.6-81.1 ± 5, MBP: 63.9 ± 10.7-96.4 ± 13.0) compared to control protocol (CF: 93.7 ± 5.5-102.5 ± 8.5, MBP: 71.0 ± 6.6-108.7 ± 7.2). The body temperature remained stable in trial protocol (°C: 36.9 ± 0.7-37.2 ± 0.3) compared to control anaesthesia (°C: 36.4 ± 0.3-37.3 ± 0.2, P<0.05). Haematosis improved undergoing combined anaesthesia (+2%, P<0.05) whereas did not change in control animals. There were no differences in respiratory rate between trial and control protocols. This study demonstrates that the proposed balanced intravenous-inhalant protocol permits to carry out a very effective, stable and safe anaesthesia in swine undergoing deep anaesthesia.

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“…Butorphanol is an opioid analgesic agent, which is a kappa opioid receptor agonist and mild mu opioid receptor antagonist (Abreu et al, 2012). Butorphanol enhances the effects of α 2 -adrenoreceptor agonists, and therefore is often administered in combination with medetomidine (Hayashi et al, 1994). It has been reported that a synergistic analgesic effect is present when coadministering α 2 -agonists with an opioid drug, increasing the potency and efficacy of the opioid analgesia (Valverde, 2012).…”

Section: Premedication Agents Could Improve Alfaxalone Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The safety, efficacy and neuromotor effects of the neurosteroid anaesthetic alfaxalone in rats

Lau¹

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Rodents are routinely anaesthetised for husbandry and biomedical research purposes. All anaesthetics carry a degree of risk, complications and side effects. An ideal anaesthetic for rodents is safe, predictable, alleviates pain and distress and can be performed without specialist training. A survey was created to identify anaesthetic agents frequently administered to rodents currently utilised by the research community. Findings indicated injectable anaesthetics were very commonly used and complications were often associated with use, highlighting the lack of a safe, predictable laboratory rodent anaesthetic protocol.Alfaxalone is a neuroactive steroid injectable anaesthetic agent with a high margin of safety, and is commonly used in veterinary anaesthesia as the Alfaxan® formulation. I sought to establish whether alfaxalone could be used as an injectable anaesthetic agent for laboratory rodents. A plasma pharmacokinetics study was performed using IV and IP Alfaxan® in adult female Wistar rats (7-10 weeks). Mean T 1/2elim for 2 and 5 mg.kg -1 IV was short (~17 minutes), but could not be estimated for IP dosing due to sustained plasma levels for up to 60 minutes after injection. Cl p for IV injection was calculated at 24.5% and 23% of cardiac output respectively. The observed C max was 2.99 mg.L -1 for IP administration, and 2.2 ± 0.9 and 5.2 ± 1.3 mg.L -1 for 2 and 5 mg.kg -1 IV administration respectively. AUC 0-60 was 96 min.mg.L -1 for IP dosing. The relative bioavailability for IP dosing was 26% and 28%, compared to IV doses of 2 and 5mg.kg -1 respectively. Alfaxalone given IP caused longer sleep times than IV dosing, although anaesthesia was not induced in 30% of rats.Importantly, all rats exhibited muscle twitching after alfaxalone administration. I then sought to test whether combining IP injection of Alfaxalone with common premedication agents could improve anaesthetic induction rates and reduce muscle twitching, to provide a viable anaesthetic regimen for rats. Medetomidine (0.5 mg.kg -1 ), medetomidine-butorphanol (0.35 mg.kg -1 -0.2 mg.kg -1 ), Acetylpromazine (ACP) -methadone (3 mg.kg -1 -0.7 mg.kg -1 ) and ACP-xylazine (3 mg.kg -1 -3 mg.kg -1 )were administered IP 10 minutes prior to IP alfaxalone (20 mg.kg -1 ). ACP-xylazine, medetomidine and medetomidine-butorphanol all significantly reduced twitching. Medetomidine-butorphanol provided surgical anaesthesia without prolonged recovery and provided an adequate plane of anaesthesia for short painful surgical procedures.However, none of these premedication agents fully eliminated alfaxalone-induced muscle twitching. I therefore carried out electrophysiological studies of motor neurons (MN), to determine the mechanism causing neuromotor excitation in response to alfaxalone. Previous data has shown that alfaxalone can modulate strychnine-sensitive glycinergic receptors, which may, in part, contribute to the adverse neuromotor excitatory responses manifested as muscle twitching during alfaxalone anaesthesia. The 3 effects of alfaxalone on inhibito...

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Comparison of Sedative Effects Induced by Medetomidine, Medetomidine-Midazolam and Medetomidine-Butorphanol in Dogs.

Cited by 47 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs

Effects of medetomidine-midazolam, acepromazine-butorphanol, and midazolam-butorphanol on induction dose of thiopental and propofol and on cardiopulmonary changes in dogs

A Novel and Effective Balanced Intravenous-Inhalant Anaesthetic Protocol in Swine by Using Unrestricted Drugs

The safety, efficacy and neuromotor effects of the neurosteroid anaesthetic alfaxalone in rats

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