Comparison of Seed Oil Characteristics from Korean Ginseng, Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.)

Zhu, Xuemei; Hu, Jiang‐Ning; Shin, Jung‐Ah; Lee, Jeung-Hee; Hong, Soon-Taek; Lee, Ki‐Teak

doi:10.3746/jfn.2010.15.4.275

Cited by 12 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast, studies on ginseng leaves, stems, or berries have mainly focused on skin cosmetics or antioxidant effects including the antioxidant and antiaging effects of ginseng berry extract [1], improvement of blood circulation [9], and prevention of skin aging [10]. Some studies have been reported regarding the ginseng seed itself, including saponin analysis of ginseng berries and seeds [2,11-13], free amino acid analysis [14], oil characteristics of ginseng species [15], and storage [16]. Studies on the phytosterol composition, content, and activity in American ginseng seeds have also been reported [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies on Korean ginseng seeds are insufficient, particularly for the content, composition, and physiological activity of their phytosterols, which are known active ingredients in ginseng seeds [25]. Fatty acid composition and phytosterol content analysis of ginseng seed oil [17] and fatty acid analysis of ginseng seed oil [15] have been reported, but these studies were conducted on the phytosterol content analysis or oil analysis depending on the cultivation environment of the plants. Investigations have been lacking on the antioxidant and physiological activities of ginseng seed phytosterol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality and characteristics of ginseng seed oil treated using different extraction methods

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Ginseng seed oil was prepared using compressed, solvent, and supercritical fluid extraction methods of ginseng seeds, and the extraction yield, color, phenolic compounds, fatty acid contents, and phytosterol contents of the ginseng seed oil were analyzed. Yields were different depending on the roasting pretreatment and extraction method. Among the extraction methods, the yield of ginseng seed oil from supercritical fluid extraction under the conditions of 500 bar and 65℃ was the highest, at 17.48%. Color was not different based on the extraction method, but the b-value increased as the roasting time for compression extraction was increased. The b-values of ginseng seed oil following supercritical fluid extraction were 3.54 to 15.6 and those following compression extraction after roasting treatment at 200℃ for 30 min, were 20.49, which was the highest value. The result of the phenolic compounds composition showed the presence of gentisic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and cinnamic acid in the ginseng seed oil. No differences were detected in phenolic acid levels in ginseng seed oil extracted by compression extraction or solvent extraction, but vanillic acid tended to decrease as extraction pressure and temperature were increased for seed oil extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction method. The fatty acid composition of ginseng seed oil was not different based on the extraction method, and unsaturated fatty acids were >90% of all fatty acids, among which, oleic acid was the highest at 80%. Phytosterol analysis showed that β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were detected. The phytosterol content of ginseng seed oil following supercritical fluid extraction was 100.4 to 135.5 mg/100 g, and the phytosterol content following compression extraction and solvent extraction was 71.8 to 80.9 mg/100 g.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and characteristics of ginseng seed oil treated using different extraction methods

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Cho³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…Meyer). We paid special attention to FA analysis, because, according to our data, the main FA in ginseng seeds is petroselinic 18:1(n-12) acid rather than the oleic one, as was reported earlier [3][4][5]7]. Petroselinic acid is known to have a specific biosynthesis pathway and a particular physiological activity [8,9].…”

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“…As is reported in some publications, ginseng seeds contain a substantial amount of oil (10-26 %) [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The major FAs of ginseng seeds are oleic 18:1(n-9), cis-vaccenic 18:1(n-7), and linoleic 18:2(n-6) [3][4][5]7]. The oleic acid content of oil from the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reaches 87 % of total FA [4,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major FAs of ginseng seeds are oleic 18:1(n-9), cis-vaccenic 18:1(n-7), and linoleic 18:2(n-6) [3][4][5]7]. The oleic acid content of oil from the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reaches 87 % of total FA [4,5]. In our work, we compared both total lipid content and FA composition between seeds collected from wild and cultivated Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.…”

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Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds From Wild and Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Occurrence of a High Level of Petroselinic Acid

Svetashev

Burundukova

Музарок

et al. 2016

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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medicine for thousands of years. In the Russian Far East, ginseng grows naturally in taiga forests and is enlisted in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. In many countries, ginseng is cultivated as a medicinal plant. Recent pharmacological investigations confirm the healing effects of ginseng on human health, which are associated mainly with the action of glycosides (ginsenosides) localized in roots [1]. Furthermore, many other numerous compounds such as phytosterols, polyphenols, polyacetylenes, alkaloids, lipids, and polysaccharides have also been identified in ginseng plants [1]. The information on chemical composition of ginseng seeds and berries is still limited. As is reported in some publications, ginseng seeds contain a substantial amount of oil (10-26 %) [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The major FAs of ginseng seeds are oleic 18:1(n-9), cis-vaccenic 18:1(n-7), and linoleic 18:2(n-6) [3][4][5]7]. The oleic acid content of oil from the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) reaches 87 % of total FA [4,5]. In our work, we compared both total lipid content and FA composition between seeds collected from wild and cultivated Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). We paid special attention to FA analysis, because, according to our data, the main FA in ginseng seeds is petroselinic 18:1(n-12) acid rather than the oleic one, as was reported earlier [3][4][5]7]. Petroselinic acid is known to have a specific biosynthesis pathway and a particular physiological activity [8,9]. Materials and Methods Ginseng SeedsMature seeds of wild ginseng were collected from plants found in three forest (taiga) localities of Spassky District (Primorsky Krai, Russia) in 2011 and 2012. The exact Abstract The lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of seeds from the Asian ginseng Panax ginseng growing naturally in taiga forests of the Russian Far East and seeds from cultivated ginseng were studied in this work. The total lipid content of seeds from both wild and cultivated plants was 9-12 % of fresh weight. FA were analyzed as isopropyl esters on a polar capillary column BD-225, which allows good separation of petroselinic and oleic acids. The structure of FAs was confirmed using GC-MS of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives. In all the seed samples, the major FA was petroselinic acid 18:1(n-12) which comprised more than 60 %; the contents of oleic and linoleic acids were lower (15-17 and 15-16 %, respectively). Earlier, a higher level (>80 %) of oleic acid had been reported for ginseng seeds. This discrepancy can be explained by an insufficient separation of these acids on standard columns used for GC of FAME. In general, seeds of wild and cultivated ginseng are very similar in lipid content and FA composition. ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that petroselinic acid is a major component in lipids of ginseng seeds, as well as the similarity between seeds from wild and cultivated plants both in lipid content and fatty acid composition. Compliance with Ethical StandardsConflict of interest The au...

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Orthogonal strategy development using reversed macroporous resin coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the separation of ginsenosides from ginseng root extract

Liu

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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Ginsenosides have been widely conceded as having various biological activities and are considered to be the active ingredient of ginseng. Nowadays, preparative high-performance liquid chromatography is considered to be a highly efficient method for ginseng saponins purification and preparation. However, in the process of practical application, due to the complex and varied composition of natural products and relatively simple pretreatment process, it is likely to block the chromatographic column and affect the separation efficiency and its service life. In this work, an orthogonal strategy was developed; in the first-dimension separation, reverse-phase macroporous resin was applied to remove impurities in ginseng crude extracts and classified ginseng extracts into protopanaxatriol and protopanaxadiol fractions. In the second-dimension separation, the obtained fractions were further separated by a preparative hydrophilic column, and finally yielded 11 pure compounds. Eight of them identified as ginsenoside Rh , Rg , Rd, Rc, Rb , Rb , Rg , and Re by standards comparison and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The purity of these ginsenosides was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

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Comparison of Seed Oil Characteristics from Korean Ginseng, Chinese Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.)

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Quality and characteristics of ginseng seed oil treated using different extraction methods

Quality and characteristics of ginseng seed oil treated using different extraction methods

Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds From Wild and Cultivated Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): Occurrence of a High Level of Petroselinic Acid

Orthogonal strategy development using reversed macroporous resin coupled with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for the separation of ginsenosides from ginseng root extract

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