Comparison of serum and vitreous TGF-β1 levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with and without panretinal photocoagulation laser therapy

Abstract

Introduction: A long-term diabetic retinopathy will cause an increase in several growth factors expression like Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β). This multipotent cytokine is involved in the process of endothelial cell proliferation. Therefore, this study aims to observe the relationship between TGF-β1 levels in serum and vitreous fluid of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) patients given Pan Retinal Photocoagulation (PRP) laser therapy. Method: This was a cross-sectional study involving 14 patients with PDR. TGF-β1 levels of vitreous and peripheral blood were measured using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software for Windows ver. 23.0 for Mann-Whitney and the Spearman correlation test. Results: Our subjects consisted of 57.1% males with a mean age of 51.8 years, where dyslipidemia was the most common comorbid disease. Mean serum TGF-β1 level was 12,821.43 ± 5,253.16 pg/ml, while the mean value in vitreous was 3,692.86 ± 333.89 pg/ml. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in serum and vitreous TGF-β1 levels between subjects with and without PRP laser therapy (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between TGF-β1 levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients with and without panretinal photocoagulation laser therapy. However, there was a decreasing trend in TGF-β1 levels in the vitreous fluid, indicating that PRP laser therapy has a positive effect on preventing the formation of neovascularization in the eye.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) after cryotherapy in Aspergillus flavus keratitis at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

“…TGF-β1 plays a role in wound healing through the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, which results in the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of extracellular matrix, which induces fibrosis during the wound closure process. 14 MMP-8 (neutrophil collagenase) is a collagenase secreted by PMNs, macrophages, fibroblasts, epithelium, endothelial cells, and keratocytes. 15 Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the human body and a key component of the extracellular matrix.…”

A hypothetical therapeutic effect of light peripheral panretinal photocoagulation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

“…PPRP has been suggested in diabetic maculopathy [ 9 , 26 ] and macular edema related to retinal venous occlusion [ 27 , 28 ], and is the benchmark therapy for retinopathy of prematurity [ 29 ] and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) [ 12 ]. In PDR, PPRP appears to lower intraocular and plasma VEGF concentrations and to result in regression of ocular neovascularization [ 30 - 33 ]. In eyes with PDR, the aqueous level of VEGF significantly decreased as the extent of PPRP increased and had a significant correlation with total PPRP [ 34 ].…”

“…Ichiyama et al [ 37 ] and Minaker et al [ 38 ] observed that aqueous VEGF levels were increased in active nAMD and that these levels markedly decreased following intravitreal anti-VEGF injections [ 39 ]. After PPRP, many proinflammatory cytokines are reduced [ 33 ]. The aqueous levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), were markedly reduced in diabetic eyes after PPRP compared to those before PPRP [ 33 ].…”

“…After PPRP, many proinflammatory cytokines are reduced [ 33 ]. The aqueous levels of several proinflammatory cytokines, including transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), were markedly reduced in diabetic eyes after PPRP compared to those before PPRP [ 33 ]. Increased levels of angiopoietin-2 in the vitreous fluid of patients with PDR suggest an association of angiopoietin-2 and VEGF with angiogenic activity in PDR [ 40 ].…”