Comparison of Several Methods for Determining the Internal Resistance of Lithium Ion Cells

Schweiger, Hans−Georg; Obeidi, Ossama; Komesker, Oliver; Raschke, André; Schiemann, Michael; Zehner, Christian; Gehnen, Markus; Keller, Michael W.; Birke, Peter

doi:10.3390/s100605604

Cited by 246 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In Figure 9 the internal resistance under 1 current rate for different temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C) is shown to represent the temperature dependency of the parameter. The behavior of the parameters is as expected having a higher resistance for low temperatures and lower as one goes to higher temperatures [65]. …”

Section: Equivalent Circuit Model Nickel Manganese Cobalt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In Figure 9 the internal resistance under 1 current rate for different temperatures (15˝C, 25˝C, 35˝C and 45˝C) is shown to represent the temperature dependency of the parameter. The behavior of the parameters is as expected having a higher resistance for low temperatures and lower as one goes to higher temperatures [65]. In Figure 9 the internal resistance under 1 current rate for different temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C) is shown to represent the temperature dependency of the parameter.…”

Section: Equivalent Circuit Model Nickel Manganese Cobalt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Lithium Ion Batteries—Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this paper, advanced equivalent circuit models (ECMs) were developed to model large format and high energy nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) lithium-ion 20 Ah battery cells. Different temperatures conditions, cell characterization test (Normal and Advanced Tests), ECM topologies (1st and 2nd Order Thévenin model), state of charge (SoC) estimation techniques (Coulomb counting and extended Kalman filtering) and validation profiles (dynamic discharge pulse test (DDPT) and world harmonized light vehicle profiles) have been incorporated in the analysis. A concise state-of-the-art of different lithium-ion battery models existing in the academia and industry is presented providing information about model classification and information about electrical models. Moreover, an overview of the different steps and information needed to be able to create an ECM model is provided. A comparison between begin of life (BoL) and aged (95%, 90% state of health) ECM parameters (internal resistance (R o ), polarization resistance (R p ), activation resistance (R p2 ) and time constants (τ) is presented. By comparing the BoL to the aged parameters an overview of the behavior of the parameters is introduced and provides the appropriate platform for future research in electrical modeling of battery cells covering the ageing aspect. Based on the BoL parameters 1st and 2nd order models were developed for a range of temperatures (15˝C, 25˝C, 35˝C, 45˝C). The highest impact to the accuracy of the model (validation results) is the temperature condition that the model was developed. The 1st and 2nd order Thévenin models and the change from normal to advanced characterization datasets, while they affect the accuracy of the model they mostly help in dealing with high and low SoC linearity problems. The 2nd order Thévenin model with advanced characterization parameters and extended Kalman filtering SoC estimation technique is the most efficient and dynamically correct ECM model developed.

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Section: Equivalent Circuit Model Nickel Manganese Cobalt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Equivalent Circuit Model Nickel Manganese Cobalt Modelsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Lithium Ion Batteries—Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion

et al. 2016

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“…Referring to the "Freedom CAR Battery Test Manual" hybrid pulse power characterization test (HPPC test) [31], this paper adopts the step method to obtain the ohmic resistance, the polarization resistance, and polarization capacitance from the different SOCs. The hybrid pulse power characterization test profile is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Ohmic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

et al. 2017

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Equivalent circuit models are a hot research topic in the field of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles, and scholars have proposed a variety of equivalent circuit models, from simple to complex. On one hand, a simple model cannot simulate the dynamic characteristics of batteries; on the other hand, it is difficult to apply a complex model to a real-time system. At present, there are few systematic comparative studies on equivalent circuit models of lithium-ion batteries. The representative first-order resistor-capacitor (RC) model and second-order RC model commonly used in the literature are studied comparatively in this paper. Firstly, the parameters of the two models are identified experimentally; secondly, the simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink environment, and finally the output precision of these two models is verified by the actual data. The results show that in the constant current condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.65% and the maximum error for the second-order RC model is 1.22%. In urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) condition, the maximum error of the first-order RC model is 1.88%, and for the second-order RC model the maximum error is 1.69%. This is of great instructional significance to the application in practical battery management systems for the equivalent circuit model of lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles.

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“…According to Ref. [28], the hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test is used to measure the DC resistance, the calculation formula of which is as follows:…”

Section: Measurement Uncertainty Of DC Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…where U 1 represents the no-load voltage and U 2 represents the voltage of 100 ms measurement time after the voltage drop, and I represents the discharge [28]. An accurate measurement of internal resistance is critical, thus Equation (2) was used in this paper for bias estimation.…”

Section: Measurement Uncertainty Of DC Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Vibration on the Electrical Performance of Lithium-Ion Cells Based on Mathematical Statistics

Zhang

Ning

et al. 2017

Applied Sciences

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Lithium-ion batteries are increasingly used in mobile applications where mechanical vibrations and shocks are a constant companion. There is evidence both in the academic and industrial communities to suggest that the electrical performance and mechanical properties of the lithium-ion cells of an electric vehicle (EV) are affected by the road-induced vibration. However, only a few studies related to the effects of vibration on the degradation of electrical performance of lithium-ion batteries have been approached. Therefore, this paper aimed to investigate the effects of vibration on the DC resistance, 1C capacity and consistency of NCR18650BE lithium-ion cells. Based on mathematical statistics, the method changes of the DC resistance and the capacity of the cells both before and after the test were analyzed with a large sample size. The results identified that a significant increase in DC resistance was observed as a result of vibration at the 95% confidence level, while typically a reduction in 1C capacity was also noted. In addition, based on a multi-feature quantity, a clustering algorithm was adopted to analyze the effect of vibration on cell consistency; the results show that the cell consistency had deteriorated after the vibration test.

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Comparison of Several Methods for Determining the Internal Resistance of Lithium Ion Cells

Cited by 246 publications

References 14 publications

Lithium Ion Batteries—Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion

Lithium Ion Batteries—Development of Advanced Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Nickel Manganese Cobalt Lithium-Ion

Comparative Research on RC Equivalent Circuit Models for Lithium-Ion Batteries of Electric Vehicles

Effects of Vibration on the Electrical Performance of Lithium-Ion Cells Based on Mathematical Statistics

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