Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate

Skiba, U.; Jones, S. K.; Drewer, Julia; Helfter, Carole; Anderson, Margaret; Dinsmore, Kerry J.; McKenzie, Rebecca; Nemitz, Eiko; Sutton, Mark A.

doi:10.5194/bg-10-1231-2013

Cited by 60 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Given that a recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that vegetation is the strongest explanatory parameter for CH 4 flux variability (Levy et al, 2012), it is likely that the higher CH 4 fluxes measured from the shallow-drained nutrient-poor sites were also a product of the presence of Juncus effusus (aerenchymous species) as seen in other studies Herbst et al, 2013). Overall, our results demonstrate that CH 4 fluxes were negligible, if not absent components of the C balance of extensively drained grasslands over organic soils in a maritime temperate climate, and that CH 4 was emitted only in The absence of N 2 O emissions from the nutrient-poor sites was consistent with the lack of artificial fertiliser use for several decades at these sites, and similar results have been reported from an extensive drained moorland in Scotland (Skiba et al, 2013). In nutrient-rich sites, the potential for N 2 O emissions is much higher, and is additionally forced by fertiliser applications to these more productive systems.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The NEE values for the nutrient-poor shallowdrained sites in this study represent similar sinks (small source in some years) to those reported by Skiba et al (2013) for grazed drained nutrient-poor organic soils (moorland) in a maritime temperate climate. Our results would therefore point to the significance of edaphic conditions as well as the low intensity management system encountered at our sites.…”

Section: F Renou-wilson Et Al: the Impacts Of Drainage Nutrient Stsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In this study, respiration rates contrasted between the two nutrient-poor sites where higher water table levels led to decreased respiration rates, which have been observed elsewhere (Leiber-Sauheitl et al, 2013;Skiba et al, 2013). The linear response of R eco to water table depth as modelled by Eq.…”

Section: Respiration Driverssupporting

confidence: 59%

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The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Temperate grasslands on organic soils are diverse due to edaphic properties but also to regional management practices and this heterogeneity is reflected in the wide range of greenhouse gas (GHG) flux values reported in the literature. In Ireland, most grasslands on organic soils were drained several decades ago and are managed as extensive pastures with little or no fertilisation. This study describes a 2-year study of the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of two such sites. We determined GHG fluxes and waterborne carbon (C) emissions in a nutrient-rich grassland and compared it with values measured from two nutrient-poor organic soils: a deep-drained and a shallow-drained site. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes were determined using the chamber technique, and fluvial C fluxes were estimated by combining drainage water concentrations and flows.The nutrient-rich site was an annual source of CO 2 (233 g C m −2 yr −1 ), CH 4 neutral, and a small source of N 2 O (0.16 g N 2 O-N m −2 yr −1 ). Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site was −89 and −99 g C m −2 yr −1 in Years 1 and 2 respectively, and NEE at the deep-drained nutrient-poor site was 85 and −26 g C m −2 yr −1 respectively. Low CH 4 emissions (1.3 g C m −2 yr −1 ) were recorded at the shallow-drained nutrient-poor site. Fluvial exports from the nutrient-rich site totalled 69.8 g C m −2 yr −1 with 54 % as dissolved organic C. Waterborne C losses from the nutrient-poor site reflected differences in annual runoff totalling 44 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 1 and 30.8 g C m −2 yr −1 in Year 2.The NECB of the nutrient-rich grassland was 663 g C m −2 yr −1 with biomass exports being the major component accounting for 53 %. The NECB of the nutrient-poor deep-drained site was less than half of the nutrient-rich site (2-year mean 267 g C m −2 yr −1 ). Although NEE at the nutrient-poor shallow-drained site was negative in both years, high biomass export meant it was a net C source (2-year mean NECB 103 g C m −2 yr −1 ). While the impacts of the nutrient and drainage status on NEE, biomass exports and fluvial C losses were confirmed, inter-regional differences in management practice and climate were also significant factors which impacted on the overall NECB of these ecosystems. Contrary to expectation, the NECB of nutrient-poor drained organic soils under grasslands is not necessarily a large C source and this has implications for Ireland's choice of national GHG inventory reporting methodologies. This study can also aid the development of strategies to deliver reduced emissions tailored to local grassland types.

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Section: Magnitude Of Ch 4 and N 2 O Fluxessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: F Renou-wilson Et Al: the Impacts Of Drainage Nutrient Stsupporting

confidence: 85%

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The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

et al. 2014

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“…However, a significant amount of snow fell, which was not recorded by the wet-only collector. Based on the ratio of discharge and precipitation Skiba et al, 2013) it was estimated that snow accounted for an additional 291 mm, making the total precipitation collected for 2010 approximately 1023 mm. The mean monthly temperature varied from −2.0 • C in December to 13.6 • C in July, with a yearly mean of 6.6 • C. …”

Section: Meteorologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The import and export of organic nitrogen species at a Scottish ombrotrophic peatland

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) contributes significantly to the overall nitrogen budget, but is not routinely measured in precipitation or stream water. In order to investigate the contribution of DON to the deposition and export of N, precipitation, stream and soil water samples were collected from an ombrotrophic peatland and analysed for DON over a 2-year period. In wet-only deposition DON contributed up to 10 % of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and was the most dominant fraction in soil water (99 %) and stream water (75 %). NH + 4 was the most dominate form of N in precipitation, with NO − 3 contributing the least to precipitation, soil water and stream water.Precipitation and stream DON were qualitatively analysed by a two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (GC×GC-NCD) after trapping onto C18 solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Ten unique compounds were detected and five identified as pyrrole, benzonitrile, dodecylamine, N-nitrosodipropylamine and decylamine. Five compounds were present in both precipitation and stream samples: pyrrole, benzonitrile and three unidentified compounds. The SPE-extraction efficiency for DON was very low (11 %), but with improvements DON speciation could become a valuable tool to provide information on its sources and pathways and inform chemical transport models.

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“…Many papers suggested, that soil moisture and type of fertilization are key determinants of the microbial processes (Natywa et al, 2014), that determine the fluxes of GHG from soil (Nannipieri et al, 2003;Skiba et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Types on the Soil Microbial Biomass and Greenhouse Gases Emission

Gałczyńska¹,

Gamrat²,

Burczyk³

et al. 2016

AgricultForest

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SUMMARYGlobal climate models shows patterns of temperature and precipitation changes worldwide. Soil moisture and type of fertilization are key determinants of the microbial processes that determine the fluxes of gases from soil. There are not many research activities including the assessment how land conversion to the grassland can influence the greenhouse effect. The aim of this study was to determine the biomass content of microorganisms in soil and CO 2 and CH 4 emissions in conditions of diversified nitrogen fertilization and soil moisture in the cultivation of pot grass mixtures. The results of the study were treated by two-factor analysis of variance. The linear correlation between analysed gases and between microbial biomass and CO 2 or CH 4 emissions was performed. The volume of soil microbial biomass in the cultivation of grass mixtures was affected by the type of nitrogen fertilization and the level of soil moisture. Approximately 1.5 times bigger microbial biomass was found after fertilization than under control conditions. The same relationship occurred in the comparison between the microbial biomass during wet and dry conditions. Only the volume of CO 2 emission in this pot experiment was affected by the type of nitrogen fertilization. Higher emission of CO 2 was accompanied by increased emission of CH 4 . In humid conditions, both mineral and organic fertilization affected positively on soil microbial biomass and the volume of CO 2 emission. From the viewpoint of reducing greenhouse gases emission, inorganic fertilizers used in dry conditions during the land conversion to the grassland, would be the best grassland cultivation method.

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Comparison of soil greenhouse gas fluxes from extensive and intensive grazing in a temperate maritime climate

Cited by 60 publications

References 27 publications

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

The impacts of drainage, nutrient status and management practice on the full carbon balance of grasslands on organic soils in a maritime temperate zone

The import and export of organic nitrogen species at a Scottish ombrotrophic peatland

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization Types on the Soil Microbial Biomass and Greenhouse Gases Emission

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