Comparison of Stainless Steel 316L Parts Made by FDM- and SLM-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes

Gong, Haijun; Snelling, Dean; Kardel, Kamran; Carrano, Andres L.

doi:10.1007/s11837-018-3207-3

Cited by 163 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, new commercially available filaments ("Ultrafuse 316LX") for metal FFF with high metal filler ratios of 80 vol% were introduced [4], allowing it to reduce the volumetric shrinkage and to integrate AM machines into existing metal injection molding process chains using the same catalytic debinding parameters and comparable sintering temperature profiles. This material has been tested and compared to SLM by [5], showing successful 3D prints with x/y-shrinkages of 13-18% and z-shrinkages of 15-23%, reaching yield strength of 167 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 465 MPa (as expected, both tensile strength indicators below SLM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Design-dependent shrinkage compensation modeling and mechanical property targeting of metal FFF

et al. 2020

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Metal-fused filament fabrication is gaining traction due to its low cost and high availability compared to metal powder bed fusion. However, the achievable mechanical properties and effects of shrinkage of this process should be understood thoroughly before it can be implemented as a direct digital manufacturing technology. This study investigates the influence of infill levels and different build orientations on the mechanical properties and shrinkage behavior of 3D-printed, debinded, and sintered components made from BASF Ultrafuse 316LX. The final objective of the work is to define a function for multi-directional shrinkage prediction for any given part geometry to achieve parts with a high degree of dimensional conformity by modifying the original designs accordingly. The Design of Experiment includes tensile and compression testing according to ASTM E8 M-04 and ASTM D695-15, respectively. Tensile testing samples are manufactured in three different build directions and compression testing pins are made with six infill levels. Furthermore, a complex part is printed and its dimensional shrinkage analyzed using 3D scanning. Finally, the multi-directional shrinkage behavior is measured for all samples to establish a shrinkage predictability function by applying linear regression models. Results show that material infill levels have no effect on the shrinkage behavior of printed components. Compressive strength increases with infill level and ultimate tensile strength of parts printed flat indicates the highest tensile testing results, followed by flipped and vertically printed parts. A complex part was manufactured successfully for spare part production, which helped to establish a function with moderate confidence levels for shrinkage predictability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Higher relative part density levels appear possible when comparing these results to [5], in which a level of 98.5% is presented. Lower tensile testing results, e.g., 104.77 ± 6.97 MPa as compared to 167 MPa for yield…”

Section: Relative Part Densitymentioning

confidence: 70%

Design-dependent shrinkage compensation modeling and mechanical property targeting of metal FFF

et al. 2020

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“…However, today, it is almost impossible to count the sale of FDM systems as after the collapse of the technology's patent, which earlier held by Stratasys Inc, various firms started the production of cost effective printers. Technically, FDM follows extrusion principle as discussed in plethora of publications . Further, the key elements of FDM and process parameters are highlighted by others.…”

Section: Dp Technologies For Pmc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technically, FDM follows extrusion principle as discussed in plethora of publications. [91][92][93][94][95] Further, the key elements of FDM 96 and process parameters [97][98][99] are highlighted by others. Traditionally, FDM was suitable for only pure thermoplastics; however, nowadays, reinforced feedstock are also commercially available.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of polymer composites: A short review

Singh

Ramakrishna

Berto

2019

Mat Design & Process Comms

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Composite or reinforced materials, especially in the class of polymers, are becoming prominent materials for the diversified range of engineering and scientific utilities because of their physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural excellences. Indeed, the main credit for the widespread acknowledgment of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) goes to the various types of natural and synthetic reinforcements, which resulted in good interfacial chemistries. However, the intrinsic challenges of traditional manufacturing technologies always presented restrictions in the development of application specific PMCs. Reportedly, with an evolution of three‐dimensional printing (3DP) technologies, the applications of PMCs have been transformed as these enabled the production of near‐net shapes with high degree of control over the design, reinforcements, and processing parametric while maintaining the waste associated at minimal level. However, the industrial benefits of 3DP technologies for still limited owing to the lack of awareness among the young professionals and industrialists. Moreover, the literature available in this regard is either too scattered making it tedious for the professionals to go through or limited to only fundamental concepts. Therefore, the concept of this review paper is to provide brief research‐based insights of different 3DP technologies (namely, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, laminated object manufacturing, and inkjet printing), material systems, applications, and the future paradigms of research as a short and precise document.

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“…These metal filaments thus represent a promising direct manufacturing technology alternative for a cost-effective production of end-use components in small-scale production volume scenarios. This approach can be used as a process upgrade or as an alternative to metal injection molding processes, which already require furnace equipment for thermal debinding and sintering [18].…”

Section: Recent Technological Enhancementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axiomatic Design to Foster Additive Manufacturing-Specific Design Knowledge

Chekurov

Kretzschmar

Rossoni

et al. 2019

Volume 14: Design, Systems, and Complexity

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Axiomatic design has the potential to help designers understand the increased design freedom and limitations of additive manufacturing prior to starting the actual design process. The purpose of this study is to verify the usefulness of Axiomatic Design in the design process of complex additively manufactured components. The article uses a case study involving the design of a non-assembly turbine to demonstrate that Axiomatic Design can be applied as a supportive tool to acquire information on new limitations imposed by additive manufacturing, such as minimum wall thickness and maximum size of parts. The use of axiomatic design is demonstrated by describing the process of decomposition of the non-assembly turbine and examining the suitability of the general design according to the independence axiom. The resulting decomposition chart is subsequently used as a basis by the authors to design individually two competing designs of a turbine. Finally, the information axiom is used to determine the design with the lowest information content according to design (part and support volume), performance (pressure drop) and economic parameters (cost).

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Comparison of Stainless Steel 316L Parts Made by FDM- and SLM-Based Additive Manufacturing Processes

Cited by 163 publications

References 12 publications

Design-dependent shrinkage compensation modeling and mechanical property targeting of metal FFF

Design-dependent shrinkage compensation modeling and mechanical property targeting of metal FFF

3D Printing of polymer composites: A short review

Axiomatic Design to Foster Additive Manufacturing-Specific Design Knowledge

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