Comparison of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous posterior teeth with varying levels of root resorption

Abstract

Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are regarded as an attractive cell source for tissue regeneration. However, the effect of different levels of root resorption on the characteristics of SHED remains less understood. Thus, the tooth source that is most suitable for the isolation of SHEDs needs to be determined. To compare cellular and biological characteristics of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous posterior teeth with varying levels of root resorption. Methods:The pulp was obtained from the deciduous posterior teeth depending on the level of root resorption, and isolated SHEDs were grouped as follows: Teeth with 0 to 1/3 rd root resorption as SHEDs (G1) and 1/3 rd to 2/3 rd root resorption as SHEDs (G2). Teeth were also collected from >2/3 rd root resorption status, but failed to establish primary culture of SHED as the availability of pulp tissue was too less. Later, isolated SHEDs were compared on their morphology, viability, growth kinetics, colony-forming ability, expression of cell surface markers and in vitro differentiation into osteocytes and adipocytes.Results: No major differences were observed in terms of cellular morphology, viability, proliferation rate, colony-forming ability, cell surface markers expression, and mesenchymal lineage differentiation of SHEDs isolated from posterior teeth with 0 to 1/3 rd and 1/3 rd to 2/3 rd root resorption. However, SHED from teeth with 0 to 1/3 rd root resorption (G1) displayed relatively higher proliferation capacity and expression of selected markers.Conclusions: Collectively, SHEDs (G1) and SHEDs (G2) showed comparable cellular and biological characteristics that enable their possible applications in regenerative therapies.

Dental stem cells and tissue regeneration in odontology: a brief systematic review

“…After removing any adhered soft tissues, the elements are immersed in a DMEM culture medium, kept between 4 and 8 °C, and sent to a laboratory for isolation and cultivation of SC. After being isolated and cultivated, as they are mesenchymal SCs, they can be used for the therapy of the most diverse pathologies of the nervous system, vascular system, heart, skin, pancreas, liver, eyes, muscles, lungs, kidneys, cartilage, intestines, bones, among others [1][2][3].…”

“…In that regard, adult stem cells, on the other hand, have the advantage of being autogenic, not incurring in moral limitations, and responsive to host-inherent growth factors [3][4][5][6]. Based on this, numerous studies have isolated highly proliferative cells derived from dental pulp.…”

“…Research has shown that pulpal stem cells require an appropriate inducer medium and a hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffold to induce bone, cementum, and dentin formation in vivo [1]. Some authors have demonstrated the formation of autologous fibrous bone tissue from of stem cells from the pulps of individuals aged over 30 years, as well as the differentiation of these cells into odontoblasts [1][2][3][4]. Markers for stem cells are of utmost importance as these cells reside in different locations within the tissue.…”

“…The regeneration of a dental organ is not simple, since its development is determined by complex interactions and numerous growth factors, and also, cell differentiation is linked to morphological changes during the formation of the tooth germ. The use of adult stem cells has been proposed in several areas of Dentistry [2][3][4].…”

“…teething. The collection of SC from deciduous teeth should be widespread, as it has great importance and wide applicability, as it allows the repair of the most diverse cell types, in addition to 20 possibilities for collection and therapies for leukemia, corneal reconstruction, lung cancer, cirrhosis, among others, showing high compatibility with the donor and family, making it impossible to reject [3,4].…”