Comparison of Survival and Development of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Populations from Different Geographic Areas on North American Conifers

Keena, Melody A.; Richards, Jessica

doi:10.3390/insects11040260

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), is one of the most important insect pests in agricultural and forest systems. It is widespread in temperate forests of the northern hemisphere, occurring in China, Korea, Japan and North America 1–3 . Its larvae feed on more than 600 plant species ranging from oaks to conifers 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Bai

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) is one of the most important pests in the world. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is widely used in the control of agricultural and forestry pests. Here, we explored the sublethal effects of EMB on gypsy moths in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB. RESULTS The sublethal concentration of EMB exposure significantly decreased the larvae body weight. To further explore the mechanism, indicators related to digestion and nutrient metabolism were detected. The results showed that EMB exposure caused midgut damage, reduced the activities of digestive enzymes and changed the content of sugar and amino acids. Moreover, the expression of insulin/phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/forkhead box protein O (FoxO) pathway and sugar metabolism‐related genes was abnormal. The expression of insulin receptor (InR), chico, PI3K, and protein kinase B (Akt) significantly reduced, and that of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and FoxO increased. The expression of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) was upregulation and that of glycogen synthase (GS), trehalase (TRE) and trehalose‐phosphate synthase (TPS) were downregulation. All results indicated that EMB inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing midgut injury, digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder. In addition, EMB caused midgut injury may be related to apoptosis or a collateral effect of the damage in other tissues, and more extensive and deeper research is still needed to investigate the detailed mechanism. CONCLUSION Our finding strengthens the understanding of the sublethal effect of EMB, and provides a theoretical basis for the application of EMB in the prevention and control of gypsy moth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Bai

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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“…Liebhold et al [3] estimated that caterpillars of gypsy moth populations currently present in North America can feed on over 300 (~100 preferred species) shrubs and tree species. Furthermore, Keena and Richards [4] found that gypsy moths of European and Asian origin were able to establish on North American tree types even without prior exposure to the host species, thus making them a threat to temperate forests around the globe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, AGMs have a wide geographic range that encompasses various forest ecosystems. If introductions were to occur with AGMs from multiple origins, they might produce offspring with a wider host range than the original populations [4]. Gypsy moth populations also vary in both the larval and egg responses to temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Differences and Methods of Determining Gypsy Moth Female Flight Capabilities: Implications for the Establishment and Spread in Novel Habitats

Srivastava

Keena

Maennicke

et al. 2021

Forests

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The introduction of the Asian gypsy moth into novel environments continues with frequent interceptions in North America. There is a concern that these subspecies will pose a greater threat to the forests and urban environments of North America than the established gypsy moths (Lymantria dispardispar L.), due to their greater capacity for female flight. Asian gypsy moth populations vary in many key traits, including female flight capabilities. The potential impacts of female flight, in combination with the other key traits, on the ecology and spread of this insect are first discussed in this communication. This also provides the first review of most of the current literature on the variations in flight capability and flight distance of gypsy moth populations, as well as variation in other traits of concern and the potential methods of identification, with special attention paid to the Asian subspecies Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky and Lymantria dispar asiatica Vinkovskij. There are currently good tools for identifying the general origin of introduced gypsy moth populations, but these do not provide enough information to effectively manage introductions. Gypsy moth key traits differ among populations, even within each subspecies of the gypsy moth, so introduction of gypsy moths from other world areas into locations where the gypsy moth is already present could result in unwanted changes in gypsy moth biology. It also appears that the introduction of flight-capable females could enhance a population’s dispersal capability and require modifications to management protocols used for flightless females. Therefore, rapid tools to assess key traits in introduced populations are needed to adequately plan for, or deal with, new introductions into novel habitats.

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“…The other one is the Asian gypsy moth, including subspecies Lymantria dispar asiatica (Vnukovskij) in mainland East Asia and Lymantria dispar japonica (Motschulsky) in Japan. Compared with the European gypsy moth, the Asian gypsy moth has been considered to be a more dangerous pest species due to its stronger female flight ability [ 4 ] and the potential to subsist on a different, potentially wider range of hosts [ 5 ]. In addition, these two biotypes have distinct developmental traits such as survival and developmental duration at different life stages [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with the European gypsy moth, the Asian gypsy moth has been considered to be a more dangerous pest species due to its stronger female flight ability [ 4 ] and the potential to subsist on a different, potentially wider range of hosts [ 5 ]. In addition, these two biotypes have distinct developmental traits such as survival and developmental duration at different life stages [ 5 ]. Although the Asian gypsy moth is not yet established in North America and Europe, considering its global invasive potential, it has been listed as one of the most important quarantine insect pests by the North American Plant Conservation Organization (NAPPO) [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rearing Density on Developmental Traits of Two Different Biotypes of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria Dispar L., from China and the USA

Wang

Harrison²,

Shi

2021

Insects

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The life-history traits of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), have been observed to vary with larval population density, which can increase significantly during an outbreak of this pest. Laboratory studies on density-dependent variation in gypsy moth development have focused on single populations and were limited to comparing solitary larvae with groups of larvae reared at a single density. To evaluate how density-dependent impacts on development vary with different populations and subspecies of L. dispar, we compared the effects of rearing larvae of a European gypsy moth (L. dispar dispar L.) population from Connecticut, USA; and larvae of two populations of the Asian gypsy moth (L. dispar asiatica Vnukovskij) from Guizhou and Hebei provinces in China. Larvae were reared on an artificial diet at densities of one, three, five, seven, and nine larvae per 115 mL container, and the duration of larval development, percentage of surviving larvae, and the rates of pupation and emergence were measured at each density. A two-tailed response to density variation with values falling away on both sides from a peak or climbing from a base was observed for all three populations tested, with the most rapid larval development and the highest values of survival, pupation, and emergence observed at a density of five larvae/container. Although differences in larval development time, survival, pupation and emergence were observed among the different populations under the conditions of our study, our findings indicate that density-dependent effects on the development of different gypsy moth subspecies and populations follow the same trends.

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Comparison of Survival and Development of Gypsy Moth Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Populations from Different Geographic Areas on North American Conifers

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Sublethal concentration of emamectin benzoate inhibits the growth of gypsy moth by inducing digestive dysfunction and nutrient metabolism disorder

Potential Differences and Methods of Determining Gypsy Moth Female Flight Capabilities: Implications for the Establishment and Spread in Novel Habitats

Effects of Rearing Density on Developmental Traits of Two Different Biotypes of the Gypsy Moth, Lymantria Dispar L., from China and the USA

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