Comparison of Symbiotic Flagellate Faunae between Termites and a Wood-Feeding Cockroach of the Genus &lt;i&gt;Cryptocercus&lt;/i&gt;

Kitade, Osamu

doi:10.1264/jsme2.19.215

Cited by 59 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This mode of symbiont transfer is reflected in cospeciation between Pseudotrichonympha species and their host termites (Noda et al 2007) and is also suggested by overall congruence of symbiont composition with host termite phylogeny (Kitade 2004). Vertical transmission via proctodeal trophallaxis in a common ancestor of Cryptocercus and termites probably originated from intraspecific coprophagous behaviour in aggregations; coprophagy is common in many studied cockroaches and plays a role in the horizontal transfer of their gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Inheritance and diversification of symbiotic trichonymphid flagellates from a common ancestor of termites and the cockroachCryptocercus

et al. 2008

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Cryptocercus cockroaches and lower termites harbour obligate, diverse and unique symbiotic cellulolytic flagellates in their hindgut that are considered critical in the development of social behaviour in their hosts. However, there has been controversy concerning the origin of these symbiotic flagellates. Here, molecular sequences encoding small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were identified in the symbiotic flagellates of the order Trichonymphida (phylum Parabasalia) in the gut of Cryptocercus punctulatus and compared phylogenetically to the corresponding species in termites. In each of the monophyletic lineages that represent family-level groups in Trichonymphida, the symbionts of Cryptocercus were robustly sister to those of termites. Together with the recent evidence for the sister-group relationship of the host insects, this first comprehensive study comparing symbiont molecular phylogeny strongly suggests that a set of symbiotic flagellates representative of extant diversity was already established in an ancestor common to Cryptocercus and termites, was vertically transmitted to their offspring, and subsequently became diversified to distinct levels, depending on both the host and the symbiont lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Inheritance and diversification of symbiotic trichonymphid flagellates from a common ancestor of termites and the cockroachCryptocercus

et al. 2008

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“…The protist symbionts in the hindguts of Cryptocercus cockroaches and lower termites were long suspected to have codiversified with their hosts (15,17,49). The common ancestor of Cryptocercus cockroaches and termites is thought to have evolved a dependence on a specialized consortium of gut microbes that allowed it to gain nutrition from the consumption of wood (16,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Reticulitermes species but not the other rhinotermitids are known to harbor oxymonad protists (53). The distinctness of the parabasalid community in the hindguts of Reticulitermes species, in partic- ular the occurrence of Trichonympha closely related to those in Archotermopsidae, suggests that symbiont transfer has had a significant role in structuring these communities (49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Host Phylogeny Varies in Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Hindguts of Lower Termites

Tai

James

Nalepa

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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eThe hindguts of lower termites and Cryptocercus cockroaches are home to a distinct community of archaea, bacteria, and protists (primarily parabasalids and some oxymonads). Within a host species, the composition of these hindgut communities appears relatively stable, but the evolutionary and ecological factors structuring community composition and stability are poorly understood, as are differential impacts of these factors on protists, bacteria, and archaea. We analyzed the microbial composition of parabasalids and bacteria in the hindguts of Cryptocercus punctulatus and 23 species spanning 4 families of lower termites by pyrosequencing variable regions of the small-subunit rRNA gene. Especially for the parabasalids, these data revealed undiscovered taxa and provided a phylogenetic basis for a more accurate understanding of diversity, diversification, and community composition. The composition of the parabasalid communities was found to be strongly structured by the phylogeny of their hosts, indicating the importance of historical effects, although exceptions were also identified. Particularly, spirotrichonymphids and trichonymphids likely were transferred between host lineages. In contrast, host phylogeny was not sufficient to explain the majority of bacterial community composition, but the compositions of the Bacteroidetes, Elusimicrobia, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, and Synergistes were structured by host phylogeny perhaps due to their symbiotic associations with protists. All together, historical effects probably resulting from vertical inheritance have had a prominent role in structuring the hindgut communities, especially of the parabasalids, but dispersal and environmental acquisition have played a larger role in community composition than previously expected.C ryptocercus cockroaches and their sister lineage, the lower termites (1), are both dependent on diverse communities of microorganisms in their hindguts to gain nutrition from lignocellulose (reviewed in references 2 and 3). These are fascinating and complex communities dominated by parabasalid (Parabasalia) and oxymonad (Preaxostyla) protists (4) as well as numerous bacterial lineages, including Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Elusimicrobia, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes,. Moreover, a large proportion of the bacteria form obligate symbiotic interactions with the protists (see, for example, references 8-14), so the community contains multiple levels of symbiosis. Because of the diversity of symbionts, the hindguts of Cryptocercus cockroaches and lower termites can be used as model systems to study the ecology and interactions between protists and bacteria. Here, we investigate the ecological and evolutionary differences between protists and bacteria in structuring community composition. These differences are critical to understanding the diversification and adaptation of microbes, the stability and resilience of community structure, and the maintenance of ecosystem functions, particularly in regard to understanding lignocellulose digestion...

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“…Among insects, the bacterial gut communities of termites, beetles and wood roaches have been studied extensively but the fungal communities are less well known. Most studies of gut inhabitants of wood roaches, Cryptocercus (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae), have focused on enumeration of bacteria, especially endosymbiontic bacteria, and protists without mention of fungi that may have been present (Sacchi et al 1998;Clark and Kambhampati 2003;Kitade 2004;Maekawa et al 2005;Noda et al 2006;Klass et al 2008;Berlanga et al 2009;Carpenter et al 2009;Ohkuma et al 2009;Carpenter et al 2010Carpenter et al , 2011. One study, however, reported the isolation of a yeast species from Cryptocercus punctulatus (Prillinger et al 1996, Prillinger andKö nig 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scheffersomyces cryptocercus: a new xylose-fermenting yeast associated with the gut of wood roaches and new combinations in theSugiyamaellayeast clade

2013

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The gut of wood-feeding insects is a microhabitat for a specialized community of microbes, including bacteria and several groups of eukaryotes such as nematodes, parabasalids and fungi. The characterization of gut yeast communities from a variety of insects has shown that certain yeasts often are associated with the insects. The gut of woodfeeding insects is rich in ascomycete yeasts and in particular xylose-fermenting (X-F) and assimilating yeasts have been consistently present in the gut of lignicolous insects. The objective of this study was the characterization of the yeast flora from the gut of the wood roach Cryptocercus sp. (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae). Five wood roaches were collected along the Appalachian Trail near the border between Tennessee and North Carolina, USA. We isolated 18 yeast strains from the wood roaches identified as Sugiyamaella paludigena and Sugiyamaella lignohabitans, xylose-assimilating yeasts, and Scheffersomyces cryptocercus (NRRL Y-48824 T 5 CBS 12658) a new species of X-F yeast. The presence of X-F and certain non X-F yeasts in the gut of the subsocial wood roach Cryptocercus sp. extends the previous findings of associations between certain ascomycete yeasts and lignicolous insects. New combinations were made for 13 asexual members of the Sugiyamaella clade.

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Comparison of Symbiotic Flagellate Faunae between Termites and a Wood-Feeding Cockroach of the Genus <i>Cryptocercus</i>

Cited by 59 publications

References 16 publications

Inheritance and diversification of symbiotic trichonymphid flagellates from a common ancestor of termites and the cockroachCryptocercus

Inheritance and diversification of symbiotic trichonymphid flagellates from a common ancestor of termites and the cockroachCryptocercus

The Role of Host Phylogeny Varies in Shaping Microbial Diversity in the Hindguts of Lower Termites

Scheffersomyces cryptocercus: a new xylose-fermenting yeast associated with the gut of wood roaches and new combinations in theSugiyamaellayeast clade

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