Comparison of temperature and wind statistics in contrasting environments among different sonic anemometer–thermometers

Influence of the Sonic Anemometer Temperature Calibration on Turbulent Heat-Flux Measurements

“…All the anemometers show positive temperature offsets, different for each instrument. These results are similar to those obtained by Loescher et al (2005) for the Gill R3 model in the 0 • C − 30 • C temperature range. It is worth noting that a temperature offset has no influence on the measurement of temperature fluctuations, but the minimal/maximal slope of the response function at low/high temperatures implies that at low temperatures the temperature fluctuations are underestimated, whereas at high temperatures they are overestimated.…”

“…This effect is judged negligible across the range of tested temperatures (0 − 30 • C) by Loescher et al (2005), and would imply an opposing behaviour at both ends of the temperature operating range, whereas Fig. 2 shows that the speed of sound is overestimated at both ends.…”

“…In addition to some non-linearity, many anemometers showed a temperature response that significantly deviated from the expected 1:1 slope. Loescher et al (2005) found that measurement spread in the sonic kinematic heat flux w ′ T ′ s among different sensors due to their different temperature responses ranged between −23.1% and +16.1%, and that spectra were also affected.…”

“…The problems concerning the measuring devices, the procedures adopted for data handling, and the observance of optimal measuring field conditions are often underestimated (Foken and Wichura 1996). More recently, Loescher et al (2005) pointed out that the users of sonic anemometers should check and, if necessary, correct for possible non-linearities in the temperature response of the instrument. These authors compared the sonic temperature measured by different model anemometers over the temperature range (0 − 30 • C) and low humidity conditions.…”

Estimation of Time Series Models via Robust Wavelet Variance

“…For example, it has been used for over 30 years as a standard routine measure of frequency stability in lasers (see Fukuda, Tachikawa, and Kinoshita (2003)) or atomic clocks (see Allan (1987)). More recently, the WV has also been used with optical sensors (see Kebabian, Herndon, and Freedman (2005)), various types of gas monitoring spectrometers (see Bowling, Sargent, Tanner, and Ehleringer (2003); Werle, Mücke, and Slemr (1993)), sonic anemometer-thermometers (see Loescher, Ocheltree, Tanner, Swiatek, Dano, Wong, Zimmerman, Campbell, Stock, Jacobsen et al (2005)), inertial sensors (see Guerrier (2009);El-Sheimy, Hou, and Niu (2008)), radio-astronomical instrumentation (see Schieder and Kramer (2001)). The WV was also used for example in Percival and Guttorp (1994) to analyse geophysics time series.…”