Comparison of Tests for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Diagnostic Samples

Edmondson, Misty A.; Givens, M. Daniel; Walz, Paul H.; Gard, J. A.; Stringfellow, D.A.; Carson, Robert L.

doi:10.1177/104063870701900406

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…RT-PCR and IHC correctly identified around 85% BVDV positive samples while VI using serum showed poor consistency and lowest level of agreement. The finding of this study suggested a need for standardization of test methods (Edmondson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

Ahmad¹

2014

J. Inf. Mol. Biol.

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Bovine viral diarrhea is one of the most important diseases of cattle which is causing continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. Without doubt, direct contact between BVDV persistently infected, and susceptible animals is the most important transmission route of virus. All control programs which are in use in many countries of the world, mainly depend upon the detection of PI animals, eliminating them and preventing their return into the herds. Various diagnostic tests using ear notch biopsies and serum samples are in use with certain advantages and disadvantages. In detecting the BVDV persistent infection, a complete agreement (P value = 1) was observed between Real time RT-PCR, AC-ELISA, VI and IHC. All four assays were found specific but real time RT-PCR was found to be more sensitive. Both, VI and IHC were found labour intensive, as diagnosis may take more than one week to be made. Further peroxidase based IHC interpretation was found to be difficult somewhat due to subjective reasoning. It is generally recognized, that real time RT-PCR is more sensitive for BVDV detection than the other methods employed in the study period. However, use of real time RT-PCR for screening of individual animal cases is cost prohibited. AC-ELISA while relatively less sensitive was shown to has sufficient sensitivity for cost effective identification of PI. The results appear to warrant the use of AC-ELISA on ear notch biopsies for routine diagnosis of PI animals followed by real time RT-PCR on suspicious samples.All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers

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Section: Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

Ahmad¹

2014

J. Inf. Mol. Biol.

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“…Virus isolation and inoculation of cultured cells, followed by identification of the viral isolate by immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase monolayer assay, are considered to be the gold standard for detection of BVDV [10]. If titers in the samples material are high enough, it is even possible to quantify the amount of virus by titration in susceptible cell lines [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, care must be taken, as with increasing pool size the danger of false negative results increases when assay sensitivity and specificity are too low [13]. On the other hand, pooling too few samples unnecessarily keeps the examination costs high [10,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Infectious Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Bovine Lung Lavages by a Combination of Virus Propagation in Cell Culture and Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Zeitler¹,

Rapp²

2013

ISRN Virology

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Material of bovine origin is often used in biotechnological applications. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the major viral contaminants, and not only detection and inactivation but also quantification of the viral load in bovine starting material is required by the regulatory agencies. Here, we investigated combined virus propagation in cell culture and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for the applicability to detect and estimate low BVDV titers in bovine lung lavages, the source material for manufacturing pulmonary surfactant. qRT-PCR analyses of the crude lung lavages were performed and qRT-PCR calibration curves based on infective viral doses (TCID 50 /mL) were generated with a detection limit of 100 TCID 50 /mL. Lung lavages were inoculated on susceptible MDBK cells and cell culture samples were again analyzed by qRT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to prove qRT-PCR results. Interestingly, initial BVDV contaminations in lung lavages were below qRT-PCR detection limit. An amplification step in cell culture enabled BVDV propagation to levels detectable by qRT-PCR. In comparison with the qRT-PCR calibration curve and control experiments with defined inoculation doses, the estimation of minor BVDV contaminations in lung lavages was possible. Both techniques can be successfully combined to estimate the viral load in dilute sample material.

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“…Thus, numerous methods have been developed to diagnose both persistent infection and acute or transient infection with BVDV. These include antigen-capture (AC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical (IHC) testing, gel-based reverse-transcription (RT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and virus isolation using WBC lysates, tissues, or whole blood in cell culture [64,65]. Also, there are numerous serological methods of measuring seroconversion from acute infection, including ELISA and viral neutralization tests in cell culture.…”

Section: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Causes of Reproductive Disorders in Cattle

Yoo

2010

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The incidences of reproductive disorders in bovine are increasing over years. This scenario is further aggravating due to more emphasis on selection and rearing of animal for specific commercial purposes which compromises livestock reproduction. Reproductive disorders like infertility and abortions in cattle are major problems in the bovine industry. The reproductive disorders might be caused by several different agents such as physical agents, chemical agents, biological agents, etc. Also, the causative agent and pathogenesis of reproductive disorders are influenced by various factors including environmental factor. The exact causes may not be evident and are often complicated with multiple causative agents. Thus, there is a need for multi-faceted approach to understand correlation of various factors with reproductive performance. Of the agents, infectious biological agents are significant cause of reproductive disorder and are of high priority in the bovine industry. These factors are not only related to the prosperity of bovine industry but are also important from public health point of view because of their zoonotic potentials. Several infectious agents like bacterial, viral, protozoon, chlamydial and fungal agents are known to have direct impact on reproductive health of cattle. These diseases can be arranged and discussed in different groups based on the causative agents.

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Comparison of Tests for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Diagnostic Samples

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

Diagnostic Approaches for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Persistent Infection

Determination of Infectious Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Bovine Lung Lavages by a Combination of Virus Propagation in Cell Culture and Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Infectious Causes of Reproductive Disorders in Cattle

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