Comparison of the amount of bioaccessible fumonisin B1 and B2 in maize and rice inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides (MRC 826) and determined by in vitro digestion—preliminary results

Abstract

In this study the occurrence of hidden fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) was analysed, on two cereal substrates (maize and rice), inoculated with Fusarium verticillioides (MRC 826), in order to determine the ratio of hidden FB1 and FB2. Two parallel methods were applied: an in vitro human digestion sample pre-treatment and the routine extraction procedure, in both cases with subsequent LC-MS analysis. It was found that all samples showed higher concentration of total fumonisin B1 after digestion, as compared to that of free fumonisin analysed only after extraction. The percentage of the hidden form by maize was 18.8 % (±2.4) for FB1 and 36.8 % (±3.8) for FB2, while for rice it was 32.3 % (±11.3) and 58.0 (±6.8), respectively, expressed as the proportion to total fumonisin B1, for the total dataset. Significant differences were found in the FB1 and FB2 concentration measured after the different digestion phases (saliva, gastric and duodenal) in case of both matrixes. The results are useful for human risk assessment, since both humans and animals may be exposed to markedly higher toxin load, as determined merely by conventional analytical methods.

Reduction of Fumonisin Toxicity by Extrusion and Nixtamalization (Alkaline Cooking)

“…In addition to its “free” form, FB 1 and other fumonisins exist in “matrix-associated forms”. The latter are bound to, physically trapped within, or otherwise interact with matrix constituents so that they are not extractable until the matrix has been subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, hydrolysis following sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction, or simulated digestion. − Fumonisin reaction products such as hydrolyzed FB 1 (HFB 1 ), 2 (Figure ), or N -(1-deoxy- d -glucos-1-yl) FB 1 (NDFB 1 ), 3 (Figure ), and a series of N -acylated FB 1 metabolites 4 (Figure ) have been characterized in rat liver and kidney …”