Comparison of the bacterial flora of the duodenum in healthy cats and cats with signs of gastrointestinal tract disease

Johnston, Karen L.; Swift, Nigel C.; Hijfte, Myra Forster-van; Rutgers, H. C.; Lamport, A. I.; Ballàvre, Olivier; Batt, R. M.

doi:10.2460/javma.2001.218.48

Cited by 60 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Clostridium spp. were the most common bacterial species identified in duodenal aspirates, occurring in over 90% of cats (Papasouliotis et al , 1998; Johnston et al , 2001). The predominant bacterial species in the jejunum were Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp., which all belong to the phylum Firmicutes (Osbaldiston & Stowe, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…have been reported to be a common bacterial group in the feline large intestine (Osbaldiston & Stowe, 1971; Itoh et al , 1984). However, in contrast, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria have been routinely cultured from duodenal aspirates using culture‐based methods (Papasouliotis et al , 1998; Johnston et al , 2001). In our study, duodenal samples were analyzed only from two cats, and this may explain why these bacterial groups were not represented in our clone libraries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of microbial diversity along the feline intestinal tract using 16S rRNA gene analysis

Ritchie

Steiner

Suchodolski

2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

141

130

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The aim of this study was to describe the microbial communities along the gastrointestinal tract in healthy cats based on analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Gastrointestinal content (i.e. content from the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) was collected from four healthy conventionally raised colony cats and one healthy specific pathogen-free (SPF) cat. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified using universal bacterial primers and analyzed by comparative sequence analysis. A total of 1008 clones were analyzed and 109 nonredundant 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified. In the four conventionally raised cats, five different bacterial phyla were observed, with sequences predominantly classified in the phylum Firmicutes (68%), followed by Proteobacteria (14%), Bacteroidetes (10%), Fusobacteria (5%), and Actinobacteria (4%). The majority of clones fell within the order Clostridiales (54%), followed by Lactobacillales, Bacteroidales, Campylobacterales, and Fusobacteriales (14%, 11%, 10%, and 6%, respectively). Clostridiales were predominantly affiliated with Clostridium clusters I (58%) and XIVa (27%). The intestinal microbiota of the SPF cat displayed a reduced bacterial diversity, with 98% of all clones classified in the phylum Firmicutes. Further classification showed that the Firmicutes clones belonged exclusively to the class Clostridiales and were predominantly affiliated with Clostridium cluster I.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of microbial diversity along the feline intestinal tract using 16S rRNA gene analysis

Ritchie

Steiner

Suchodolski

2008

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

141

130

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“…Number of bacteria and cobalamin and folate concentrations had a Gaussian distribution, 20 and relevant comparisons were made with a 2-tailed Student paired t-test. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare serum total protein and albumin concentrations and blood taurine concentration, because it was not known whether the data were normally distributed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oral administration of metronidazole on small intestinal bacteria and nutrients of cats

Johnston

Lamport²,

Ballèvre³

et al. 2000

ajvr

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Oral administration of metronidazole decreased the number of aerobic bacteria and altered indigenous flora in the small bowel of cats. Normal duodenal flora appeared to be stable, because species of bacteria were re-established by 9 months after cessation of metronidazole. Bacterial flora appeared to have an impact on nutrients, because albumin and cobalamin increased during antibiotic administration and returned to preadministration concentrations after cessation of the antimicrobial.

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“…In cats, considerably higher numbers of bacteria were found in the proximal small intestine in comparison with humans (31) and dogs (32) , possibly as an adaptation to an obligate carnivorous diet (27) . The causative factors in the carnivorous diet responsible for this high bacterial number in the proximal small intestine are yet to be unravelled.…”

Section: Microbiota In the Different Regions Of The Feline Gastrointementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Colon and faeces of healthy adult cats (12,14,15,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) : -Total bacterial counts log 10 9·43 CFU/g faeces -Most abundant phyla are Firmicutes (especially Enterococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Erysipelotrix spp. and Clostridium clusters), Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria (especially Coriobacteriaceae group) as well as molecular techniques (19,25,27) .…”

Section: Microbiota In the Different Regions Of The Feline Gastrointementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fibre and the importance of the gut microbiota in feline nutrition: a review

2014

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Domestic cats are obligate carnivores and in this light hindgut fermentation has been considered unimportant in this species. However, a diverse microbiota has been found in the small and large intestines of domestic cats. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo studies support the hypothesis that microbial fermentation is significant in felines with potential benefits to the host. Results on microbiota composition and microbial counts in different regions of the feline gastrointestinal tract are compiled, including a description of modulating host and technical factors. Additionally, the effects of dietary fibre supplementation on the microbiota composition are described. In a second section, in vitro studies, using inocula from fresh feline faeces and focusing on the fermentation characteristics of diverse plant substrates, are described. In vivo studies have investigated the effects of dietary fibre on a broad range of physiological outcomes. Results of this research, together with studies on effects of plant fibre on colonic morphology and function, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and the effects of plant fibre on disease conditions that require a decrease in dietary protein intake, are shown in a third section of the present review. Conclusively, for fructans and beet pulp, for example, diverse beneficial effects have been demonstrated in the domestic cat. Both dietary fibre sources are regularly used in the pet food industry. More research is warranted to reveal the potential benefits of other fibre sources that can be used on a large scale in feline diets for healthy and diseased cats.

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Comparison of the bacterial flora of the duodenum in healthy cats and cats with signs of gastrointestinal tract disease

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Assessment of microbial diversity along the feline intestinal tract using 16S rRNA gene analysis

Assessment of microbial diversity along the feline intestinal tract using 16S rRNA gene analysis

Effects of oral administration of metronidazole on small intestinal bacteria and nutrients of cats

Dietary fibre and the importance of the gut microbiota in feline nutrition: a review

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