Comparison of the Bioavailability of Natural Palm Oil Carotenoids and Synthetic β-Carotene in Humans

Hof, K. H. Van Het; Gärtner, Christine; Wiersma, A.; Tijburg, Lilian B.M.; Weststrate, J.A.

doi:10.1021/jf981091a

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is the first study to compare a range of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids using the Caco-2 in vitro model. Our results correlate with in vivo data (Kostic et al 1995; Gartner et al 1996; van Hof et al 1999) that have also shown higher percentage absorption of xanthophyll carotenoids compared to carotenes thus providing validation of this model as an approach to assess carotenoid availability. Additionally, our findings indicate that lower amounts of carotenoids were absorbed and transferred more efficiently than higher amounts suggesting a saturation effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparison of the uptake and secretion of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids by Caco-2 intestinal cells

2007

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Carotenoids have been shown to have potential beneficial effects on human health which has led to an increasing interest in the study of their bioavailability. A Caco-2 cell model, as previously described, was employed to examine the percentage transfer of the carotenoids a-carotene, b-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin through an intact, highly differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayer at a range of different amounts. Our results show that astaxanthin, a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant capacity, had the highest percentage transfer overall. We examined the cellular uptake and secretion of lutein and zeaxanthin to compare two structurally similar carotenoids. Both were efficiently transported through the monolayer with a range between 5·1 (SEM 1·2) % to 20·2 (SEM 3·3) % and 5·5 (SEM 2·5) % to 13·4 (SEM 4) % for lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively. These carotenoids were compared to each other at each added amount and no significant difference was observed between the two xanthophylls. The carotene carotenoids a-carotene, b-carotene and lycopene and the xanthophyll b-cryptoxanthin were also examined and had lower uptake and secretion values when compared to lutein, zeaxanthin and astaxanthin. The xanthophyll b-cryptoxanthin was also not significantly different when compared to the carotene carotenoids. Data generated from this study compares well with in vivo bioavailability studies. Furthermore, the model provides comparative data on the relative absorption and transfer of seven different carotenoids. Our data indicate that lower amounts of carotenoids were absorbed and transferred more efficiently than higher amounts suggesting a saturation effect at higher exposure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparison of the uptake and secretion of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids by Caco-2 intestinal cells

2007

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“…Changes in plasma concentration following supplementation with the three carotenoids were clearly different, but in the absence of pharmacokinetictype studies it is not possible to conclude why. The amount of dietary fat present in a meal is known to affect the bioavailability and absorption of carotenoids (Jayarajan et al 1980;het Hof et al 1999;Stahl et al 2002), but even in the event of equal absorption, the carotenoids need not raise plasma concentrations to the same extent. Plasma concentrations reflect the degree and rate of absorption, patterns of tissue targeting and tissue loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA damage and susceptibility to oxidative damage in lymphocytes: effects of carotenoidsin vitroandin vivo

et al. 2004

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Reports on the effects of carotenoids are conflicting. The present paper examines similarities and differences from contiguous studies in vitro and in vivo. Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to measure the frequency of single-strand breaks (SSB) in the cell line MOLT-17 (as a model system) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). MOLT-17 cells were supplemented with b-carotene, lutein or lycopene at a range of concentrations (0·00-8·00 mmol/l) using a liposome delivery method. Uptake was dose-dependent. b-Carotene concentration in the media had no effect on SSB in control cells, but incubation with lycopene or lutein (. 2·00 mmol/l) increased the numbers of SSB in control cells. MOLT-17 DNA was less susceptible to oxidative damage (100 mmol H 2 O 2 /l, 5 min, 4 8C) following incubation with carotenoids between 0·50 and 1·00 mmol/l; at . 1·00 mmol/l the effects were ambiguous. Apparently healthy male volunteers supplemented their habitual diets with lutein, b-carotene or lycopene (natural isolate capsules, 15 mg/d, 4 weeks) in three independent studies, raising plasma concentrations to different extents. Lycopene and lutein had no effect on SSB in control PBL or following oxidative challenge. However, increased plasma b-carotene was associated with more SSB in control cells whilst PBL DNA resistance to oxidative damage ex vivo was unaffected. These results suggest that the carotenoids are capable of exerting two overlapping but distinct effects: antioxidant protection by scavenging DNA-damaging free radicals and modulation of DNA repair mechanisms.Carotenoids: DNA damage and repair: Single-cell gel electrophoresis: Peripheral blood lymphocytes

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“…β-carotene supplements in oil and natural food sources such as red palm oil have the highest bioavailability. 115 Bioavailability of carotenoids in plant matrices is a much more complex issue. Carotenoids in green leafy vegetables are located in chloroplasts and are bound to pigment-protein complexes that result in low bioavailability.…”

Section: Bioavailability Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and provitamin A carotenoids in biofortified staple crops

et al. 2014

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International research efforts, including those funded by HarvestPlus, a Challenge Program of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), are focusing on conventional plant breeding to biofortify staple crops such as maize, rice, cassava, beans, wheat, sweet potatoes, and pearl millet to increase the concentrations of micronutrients that are commonly deficient in specific population groups of developing countries. The bioavailability of micronutrients in unfortified staple crops in developing regions is typically low, which raises questions about the efficacy of these crops to improve population micronutrient status. This review of recent studies of biofortified crops aims to assess the micronutrient bioavailability of biofortified staple crops in order to derive lessons that may help direct plant breeding and to infer the potential efficacy of food-based nutrition interventions. Although reducing the amounts of antinutrients and the conduction of food processing generally increases the bioavailability of micronutrients, antinutrients still possess important benefits, and food processing results in micronutrient loss. In general, biofortified foods with relatively higher micronutrient density have higher total absorption rates than nonbiofortified varieties. Thus, evidence supports the focus on efforts to breed plants with increased micronutrient concentrations in order to decrease the influence of inhibitors and to offset losses from processing.

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Comparison of the Bioavailability of Natural Palm Oil Carotenoids and Synthetic β-Carotene in Humans

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of the uptake and secretion of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids by Caco-2 intestinal cells

Comparison of the uptake and secretion of carotene and xanthophyll carotenoids by Caco-2 intestinal cells

DNA damage and susceptibility to oxidative damage in lymphocytes: effects of carotenoidsin vitroandin vivo

Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and provitamin A carotenoids in biofortified staple crops

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