Comparison of the chemical profiles of fresh‐raw and dry‐processed Juglans mandshurica

Abstract

The processing of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. is important to reduce its toxicity and enhance its efficacy. Simple, efficient, and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry based chemical profiling approach was proposed to rapidly evaluate the chemical difference between fresh and dry samples. Under the optimized ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry conditions, 81 significantly different compounds were rapidly discovered using principal component analysis, and then tentatively identified by comparison with reference substances or inferred through mass spectral fragment ion analysis and literature data. These compounds included 35 naphthoquinones, 11 diarylheptanoids, nine flavonoids, eight triterpenes, 12 phenolic acids, and six aliphatics. The results demonstrated that chemical reactions occurring during processing could be used to elucidate the processing mechanism of Juglans mandshurica Maxim. This study provides a novel approach to identifying complicated components of various complex mixtures in fresh-raw and dry-processed traditional Chinese medicines, which could be used as a valid analytical method to further understand the processing mechanisms of these medicines, as well as providing intrinsic quality control of the medicines and their processed products.

Multiconstituent identification in root, branch, and leaf extracts of Juglans mandshurica using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…Although a large number of gallotannins and ellagitannins were found in both root and branch extracts, the root extract contained more ellagitannins than the branch extract. As reported by Huo et al , 81 compounds, mainly including naphthoquinones, diarylheptanoids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and phenolic acids, were characterized in the epicarp extract of unripe fruit of J. mandshurica . No tannin was characterized in their research.…”

“…S9). The aglycon of peak 107, dihydroxy‐naphthalene has been found in J. mandshurica . However, this is the first report of dihydroxy‐naphthalene syringoyl‐glucoside.…”

“…The characterization and identification of constituents in different plant organs is essential for scientifically robust investigation of the relationship between chemical constituents and pharmacological activities and targeted evaluation of the active anti‐tumor compounds. Phytochemical profile of the immature fruits (including fresh and dry) of J. mandshurica was evaluated by using UHPLC–MS (for polar compounds) and GC–MS (for lipid‐soluble compounds) . For the barks, volatile oil was analyzed by GC–MS and two flavonoids were characterized by HPLC–MS .…”

Identification of Polar Constituents in the Decoction of Juglans mandshurica and in the Medicated Egg Prepared with the Decoction by HPLC-Q-TOF MS2

“…Additionally, methyl gallic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, and phenol derivatives (as the polyol carbohydrate core) were also found in the structure of the identified tannins. These organic acids [ 34 , 35 ] and phenol derivatives [ 11 , 36 , 37 ] or compounds with these groups [ 38 ] have been reported to be found in J. mandshurica . More mono- and di- O -galloyl glucoses other than tetra- O -galloyl glucoses, which have been reported to commonly exist in J. mandshurica , were found in the decoction of J. mandshurica .…”

“…Of the naphthalene derivatives identified, nine were glycosides with glycosyl groups or galloyl/syrigoyl-substituted glycosyl moieties. According to MS 2 analysis, fragmentation of these naphthalene derivatives involved the loss of H 2 O and CO 2 from deprotonated aglycon ions ( Figure S1b ) [ 33 , 37 ].…”