“…4,6,8,10,15,19,27,29,31,32 Several authors have shown in both clinical and animal studies that the use of flaps improves wound healing and decreases bacterial contamination. 1,3,5,9,15,20,21,25,28,32 These flaps have reduced the incidence of instrumentation removal in patients often solely dependent on the implants for spinal stability. This allows for earlier definitive wound closure, mobilization, and hospital discharge.…”