Comparison of the Effect of Minimum-tillage Treatments on the Overwintering Emergence of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Cornfields

Umeozor, O. C.; Duyn, John W. Van; Bradley, J. R.; Kennedy, George G.

doi:10.1093/jee/78.4.937

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Such risk would be even greater for minimum-tilled corn stubble, because overwintering mortality is less than in conventionally tilled Þelds (Umeozor et al 1985). For this assumption to be valid requires that female moths of the overwintered generation aggregate in adjacent grassy areas soon after emergence and show Þdelity to that site as a staging area for oviposition in adjacent Þelds over a substantial portion of their reproductive lifetime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The previous yearÕs cropping pattern could affect moth distribution in the Þrst ßight, because the moths emerge in the spring from corn stubble after overwintering as diapausing larvae. Furthermore, mortality of overwintering larvae is less in minimum tillage corn than in conventionally tilled Þelds (Umeozor et al 1985), leading to the hypothesis that moths would be more abundant in ditches adjacent to minimum-till corn stubble than to tilled corn stubble.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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First-Flight Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Distribution in Roadside Vegetation Relative to Cropping Patterns and Corn Phenology

Sappington

2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Flight Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Distribution in Roadside Vegetation Relative to Cropping Patterns and Corn Phenology

Sappington

2005

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“…(c) Adaptive significance in relation to human harvesting It has been measured experimentally that combinedharvesting reduces ECB adult emergence the next spring by 64 per cent on average, compared with nonharvested fields (Umeozor et al 1985). We have independently estimated the proportion of larvae found below the cut-off line at harvest time between 30 and 50% (figure 1a; a value of 28% obtained by direct measurement was reported in Caffrey & Worthley (1927)).…”

Section: (B) Behaviours In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

et al. 2010

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Divergent adaptation to host plant species may be the major mechanism driving speciation and adaptive radiations in phytophagous insects. Host plants can differ intrinsically in a number of attributes, but the role of natural enemies in host plant specialization is often underappreciated. Here, we report behavioural divergence between the European corn borer (ECB, Ostrinia nubilalis) and its sibling species Ostrinia scapulalis, in relation to a major enemy: humans. Harvesting maize imposes selective mortality on Ostrinia larvae: those located above the cut-off line of the stalk face almost certain death. We show that ECB larvae diapause closer to the ground than those of O. scapulalis, which is sympatric but feeds mainly on weeds. The difference in diapause height results from genetically determined differences in geotactic behaviour. ECB larvae descend towards the ground specifically at harvest time, increasing their chances of surviving harvesting by about 50 per cent over O. scapulalis larvae. Natural enemies appear as a major driver of hostplant specialization in this example, stressing the need to consider 'tri-trophic' ecological niches to understand insect diversification. Our results also strongly suggest that geotaxis evolved as a singular instance of behavioural resistance in a major agricultural pest.

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“…However, any such benefits are not of enough practical consequence to merit recommendation of crop rotation for protection from this pest [ 3 , 186 ]. Similarly, destruction or burial of cornstalk residue after harvest greatly reduces European corn borer adult emergence, but has no substantive effect on population infestation level in that field the following season [ 187 , 188 ]. For cultural controls like crop rotation or stalk destruction to suppress European corn borer infestations the following generation, they would have to be implemented on an areawide scale, analogous to the documented case of regional suppression by widespread Bt-corn adoption [ 10 , 52 , 54 ].…”

Section: Adult European Corn Borer Movement and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn

Sappington

2024

Insects

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The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis, Hübner) has been managed successfully in North America since 1996 with transgenic Bt-corn. However, field-evolved resistance to all four available insecticidal Bt proteins has been detected in four provinces of Canada since 2018. Evidence suggests resistance may be spreading and evolving independently in scattered hotspots. Evolution and spread of resistance are functions of gene flow, and therefore dispersal, so design of effective resistance management and mitigation plans must take insect movement into account. Recent advances in characterizing European corn borer movement ecology have revealed a number of surprises, chief among them that a large percentage of adults disperse from the natal field via true migratory behavior, most before mating. This undermines a number of common key assumptions about adult behavior, patterns of movement, and gene flow, and stresses the need to reassess how ecological data are interpreted and how movement in models should be parameterized. While many questions remain concerning adult European corn borer movement ecology, the information currently available is coherent enough to construct a generalized framework useful for estimating the spatial scale required to implement possible Bt-resistance prevention, remediation, and mitigation strategies, and to assess their realistic chances of success.

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Comparison of the Effect of Minimum-tillage Treatments on the Overwintering Emergence of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Cornfields

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

First-Flight Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Distribution in Roadside Vegetation Relative to Cropping Patterns and Corn Phenology

First-Flight Adult European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Distribution in Roadside Vegetation Relative to Cropping Patterns and Corn Phenology

Divergence in behaviour between the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, and its sibling speciesOstrinia scapulalis: adaptation to human harvesting?

Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn

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