Comparison of the effect of crocin and crocetin, two major compounds extracted from saffron, on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Kalalinia, Fatemeh; Ghasim, Hengameh; Farzad, Sara Amel; Pishavar, Elham; Ramezani, Mohammad; Hashemi, Maryam

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.043

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition, a higher amount of saffron whole extract is required to be as potent as crocin or crocetin, which would be more cytotoxic and expensive. 7 Employed doses of crocin/crocetin in this study were selected according to the published data on crocin and crocetin IC 50 . 7 In general, we showed that low concentrations of both crocin and crocetin are more efficient in terms of apoptosis inhibition, cell viability, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities with a better effect in crocintreated cells compared with crocetin-treated cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 In several works a number of pharmacological differences have been recognized between crocin and crocetin in terms of anticancer property as well as intestinal digestion and cytotoxicity. 7 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting more than 2 million people worldwide with extensive socioeconomic burdens. 8,9 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are unlimited sources of multipotent cells capable to differentiate into various tissue/cell lineages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells

Arab

Rastin

Tabasi

et al. 2020

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Saffron (Crocus sativus L) is a well‐known spice with active pharmacologic components including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. Similar to crocin/crocetin, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to display immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties, which could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases. In the current study, we have evaluated the effects of crocin and crocetin on the functions of MSCs. We used the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay to evaluate MSCs proliferation, and flow cytometry assay to measure the percentage of apoptotic MSCs and Tregs populations. Furthermore, we used the real‐time polymerase chain reaction method to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant assay was employed to quantify antioxidant parameters including nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels besides superoxide dismutase activity. Our findings indicated that both crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) exhibited significant effects on increasing MSCs viability and on protecting them against apoptosis‐induced death. Furthermore, crocin and crocetin at low concentrations (2.5 and 5 µM) displayed a better antioxidant function. Moreover, increased Treg population was observed at lower doses. In addition, crocin/crocetin at low concentrations caused an elevation in mRNA expression of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐10 [IL‐10], and IL‐4), while at higher doses (25 and 50 µM) they led to lowering inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, and interferon gamma). Altogether, both crocin and crocetin at lower concentrations exhibited more efficacies on MSCs with a better effect toward crocin. It seems that crocin and crocetin may be considered as complementary treatments for the patients who undergo MSCs transplantation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells

Arab

Rastin

Tabasi

et al. 2020

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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“…Given that hematologic adverse events are the most common and severe side effects of PARPi, the cytotoxic effect of talazoparib and niraparib was further determined in bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). To further compare the cytotoxic effect of talazoparib and niraparib, the cytotoxic effects at equivalent dose (IC 50 ) were determined using MTT assay 30 . As Figure S2 C, D shown, talazoparib at the IC 50 dose (2 nM) showed a higher cytotoxic activity (30%) in BMSC than did niraparib at its equivalent dose (IC 50 : 7 µM, cytotoxic effect: 10%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signatures of BRCAness analysis identifies PARP inhibitor Niraparib as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy for soft tissue Sarcomas

Zhao

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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Background: Patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas (STS) have a dismal prognosis with few effective therapeutic options. A defect in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway can accumulate DNA repair errors and gene mutations, which can lead to tumorigenesis. BRCAness describes tumors with an HRR deficiency (HRD) in the absence of a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. However, the characteristics of BRCAness in STS remain largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed to explore the genomic and molecular landscape of BRCAness using whole exome sequencing (WES) in STS, aiming to find a potential target for STS treatment. Methods: WES was performed in 22 STS samples from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University to reveal the possible genomic and molecular characteristics. The characteristics were then validated using data of 224 STS samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and in vitro data. The analysis of the potential biomarker for BRCAness was performed. Targeted drug susceptibility and combination therapy screening of chemotherapeutics for STS were evaluated in STS cell lines, cell-line-derived xenografts (CDX), and patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Results: Compared with 30 somatic mutation signatures of cancers, high cosine-similarity (0.75) was identified for HRD signatures in the 22 STS samples using nonnegative matrix factorization. Single nucleotide polymorphism indicated a low mutation rate of BRCA1/2 in the 22 STS samples (11.76% and 5.88%, respectively). However, copy number variation analyses demonstrated widespread chromosomal instability; furthermore, 54.55% of STS samples (12/22) carried BRCAness traits. Subsequently, similar genomic and molecular characteristics were also detected in the 224 STS samples from TCGA and in vitro . Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP)-1 could be a promising reflection of HRD and therapeutic response. Furthermore, the level of PAR formation was found to be correlated with PARP-1. Subsequently, STS cell lines were determined to be sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi), niraparib. Moreover, based on the screening test of the five common PARPis and combination test among doxorubicin, ifosfamide, dacarbazine, and temozolomide (TMZ), niraparib and TMZ were the most synergistic in STS cell lines. The synergistic effect and safety of niraparib and TMZ combination were also shown in CDX and PDX. Conclusions: BRCAness might be the common genomic and molecular characteristics of majority of STS cases. PARP-1 and PAR could be potential proper and feasible theranostic biomarkers for assessing HRD in patients. STSs were sensitive to PARPi. Moreover, the combination of niraparib and TMZ showed synergistic effect. Niraparib and TMZ could be a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for patients with STS.

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“…Crocetin (CRO), a natural apocarotenoid dicarboxylic acid is derived from Crocus sativus L., which originates from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and can endure low concentrations of oxygen. Previous studies have demonstrated that CRO reduced cardiac cytotoxicity and apoptosis by regulating cardiac enzymes and their function (19,20). Additional previous studies demonstrated that cro mechanistically regulated the mitogen associated protein kinase pathway and nuclear factor-κB signaling to alleviate myocardial ischemia injury (21,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crocetin alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating inflammation and the unfolded protein response

et al. 2019

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crocetin, a natural compound, has been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that crocetin reduced ischemia/reperfusion (I/r) injury by attenuating cytotoxicity and cellular apoptosis. However, the previous mechanistic studies did not fully elucidate its pharmacological effects on cardiac damage, especially i/R injury. The present study verified its cardioprotective effects in a Langendorff perfusion system, an ex vivo model of I/R. It was demonstrated that crocetin significantly attenuated the activities of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 signaling. The present study provided novel insight that crocetin regulated the unfolded protein response (UPR) and decreased associated protein levels to protect the heart. Furthermore, it was identified that Nrf2 played a key role in the cardioprotective effect of crocetin by attenuating inflammation and the UPR.

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Comparison of the effect of crocin and crocetin, two major compounds extracted from saffron, on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells

Comparative assessment of immunomodulatory, proliferative, and antioxidant activities of crocin and crocetin on mesenchymal stem cells

Molecular signatures of BRCAness analysis identifies PARP inhibitor Niraparib as a novel targeted therapeutic strategy for soft tissue Sarcomas

Crocetin alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating inflammation and the unfolded protein response

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