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<p>Nitrones derived from natural antioxidants are emerging as highly specific therapeutics against
various human diseases, including stroke, neurodegenerative pathologies, and cancer. However,
the development of useful pseudo-natural nitrones requires the judicious choice of a secondary
metabolite as the precursor. Betalains are nitrogen-containing natural pigments that exhibit
marked antioxidant capacity and pharmacological properties and, hence, are ideal candidates for
designing multifunctional nitrones. In this work, we describe the semisynthesis and properties of
a biocompatible, antioxidant betalain-nitrone called OxiBeet. This bio-based compound is a
better radical scavenger than ascorbic acid, gallic acid, and most non-phenolic antioxidants and
undergoes concerted proton-coupled electron transfer. The autoxidation of OxiBeet produces a
persistent nitroxide radical, which, herein, is studied via electron paramagnetic resonance
spectroscopy. In addition, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that excited
state formation is not required for the oxidation of OxiBeet. The results are compared with those
obtained using betanin, a natural betalain, and pBeet, the imine analog of OxiBeet. The findings
of this study will enable the development of antioxidant nitrones based on the novel N-oxide 1,7-diazaheptamethinium scaffold and betalain dyes with enhanced hydrolytic stability in aqueous
alkaline media.
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