Comparison of the effectiveness of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, in reducing nitrous oxide emissions in four different soils under different climatic and management conditions

Di, Hongjie; Cameron, K. C.; Sherlock, Robert R.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00057.x

Cited by 174 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fertilisers coated with nitrification inhibitor have been shown to be effective in reducing nitrification, and N 2 O emissions by up to~80%, as reviewed by (de Klein et al 2001). Applied as a spray, nitrification inhibitors can also be effective in reducing N 2 O emissions from animal urine by 27-91%, with pasture yield increases of 0-36%, depending on the magnitude of N loss (Di et al 2007;Kelly et al 2008;Smith et al 2008). However, many of these studies have been conducted under optimal conditions for N 2 O production and over short periods, so the potential on-farm abatement is likely to be more conservative than the published data.…”

Section: Nitrous Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Charmley²,

et al. 2012

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Abstract.Climate change presents a range of challenges for animal agriculture in Australia. Livestock production will be affected by changes in temperature and water availability through impacts on pasture and forage crop quantity and quality, feed-grain production and price, and disease and pest distributions. This paper provides an overview of these impacts and the broader effects on landscape functionality, with a focus on recent research on effects of increasing temperature, changing rainfall patterns, and increased climate variability on animal health, growth, and reproduction, including through heat stress, and potential adaptation strategies. The rate of adoption of adaptation strategies by livestock producers will depend on perceptions of the uncertainty in projected climate and regional-scale impacts and associated risk. However, management changes adopted by farmers in parts of Australia during recent extended drought and associated heatwaves, trends consistent with long-term predicted climate patterns, provide some insights into the capacity for practical adaptation strategies.Animal production systems will also be significantly affected by climate change policy and national targets to address greenhouse gas emissions, since livestock are estimated to contribute~10% of Australia's total emissions and 8-11% of global emissions, with additional farm emissions associated with activities such as feed production. More than two-thirds of emissions are attributed to ruminant animals. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities facing livestock industries in Australia in adapting to and mitigating climate change. It examines the research needed to better define practical options to reduce the emissions intensity of livestock products, enhance adaptation opportunities, and support the continued contribution of animal agriculture to Australia's economy, environment, and regional communities.

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Section: Nitrous Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Charmley²,

et al. 2012

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“…In the nutrient solution nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD, C 2 H 4 N 4 ), were used to avoid NH 4 ? converted rapidly to nitrate (NO 3 -) (O'Callaghan et al 2010), while the nitrification inhibitors could perform the denitrification efficiently (Di et al 2007;Monaghan et al 2009). Thus, the ammonium and nitrate could co-exist with little or no conversion.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Dong

Guo

et al. 2014

Trees

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Key Message Female cuttings of Populus deltoides were sensitive to inorganic nitrogen forms and biased for NO 3 2 -N, whereas males exhibited no obvious preference for nitrogen form in nitrogen fertilizations. Abstract We investigated the effects of different inorganic nitrogen forms (NO 3 --N and NH 4 ? -N) on the morphology, physiology, and carbohydrate accumulation of male and female Populus deltoides. Results showed that both NO 3 --N and NH 4 ? -N supply forms significantly increased plant growth, C and N contents of all plant organs, chlorophyll pigment contents, net photosynthesis rates (P n ), and instantaneous photosynthetic N-use efficiencies (PNUE) in the leaves of both male and female P. deltoides. Females exhibited high total plant dry mass accumulation, P n , PNUE, and N contents in leaves but lower non-structure carbohydrate accumulation than males under nitrate treatment. However, males showed significantly higher P n , PNUE, and 15 NH 4 ? in the leaves, free amino acid content, and nitrate reductase (NR) activities than females under each nitrogen form supply treatment.These results suggested that male and female P. deltoides used different adaptive strategies in dry mass accumulation, allocation, and exhibited different interactions between nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Males exhibited higher nitrogen assimilation ability and N-use efficiency than females under nitrogen fertilizations, whereas females showed more sensitivity to inorganic nitrogen forms of treatments and distinct preference for NO 3 --N. Male P. deltoides showed no obvious bias to the two different N forms. Therefore, the different preferences of male and female P. deltoides of N supplied forms can serve as an important strategy for minimizing intraspecific competition between the two genders.

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“…To compensate for these limitations, researchers have investigated complementary N mitigation techniques, such as blocking NH þ 4 oxidation to NO À 3 using nitrification inhibitors (Yu et al, 2007;Watson et al, 2009). Studies have revealed that the inhibitory potential of dicyandiamide (DCD) can curb nitrate leaching by up to 76% (Di and Cameron, 2004) and N 2 O emissions by up to 70% (Di et al, 2007). Yet for all its effectiveness, degradation in soil limits the persistence of DCD (Estermaier et al, 1992), which has a half-life estimated between 110 d at 5°C and approximately 20 d at 25°C (Kelliher et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow delivery of a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) to soil using a biodegradable hydrogel of chitosan

et al. 2013

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h i g h l i g h t sDicyandiamide (DCD) was encapsulated in glyoxal-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel beads. Chitosan delayed the release of nitrification inhibitor DCD in water and soil. DCD release was controlled by glyoxal polymerisation inside chitosan. The higher glyoxal polymerisation the more delayed DCD release in water or in soil. The higher glyoxal polymerisation the less DCD encapsulated in the beads. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tUsing chemical inhibitors to reduce soil nitrification decreases emissions of environmental damaging nitrate and nitrous oxide and improves nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors such as dicyandiamide (DCD) is limited in soil due to biodegradation. This study investigated if the persistence of DCD could be sustained in soil by slow release from a chitosan hydrogel. DCD was encapsulated in glyoxal-crosslinked chitosan beads where excess glyoxal was (i) partly removed (C beads) or (ii) allowed to dry (CG beads). The beads were tested in water and in soil. The beads contained two fractions of DCD: one which was quickly released in water, and one which was not. A large DCD fraction within C beads was readily available: 84% of total DCD bead content was released after 9 h immersion in water, while between 74% and 98% was released after 7 d in soil under low to high moisture conditions. A lower percentage of encapsulated DCD was readily released from CG beads: 19% after 9 h in water, and 33% after 7 d in soil under high rainfall conditions. Kinetic analysis indicated that the release in water occurred by quasi-Fickian diffusion. The results also suggest that DCD release was controlled by bead erosion and the leaching of glyoxal derivatives, predominantly a glyoxal-DCD adduct whose release was positively correlated with that of DCD (R 2 = 0.99, p 6 0.0001). Therefore, novel chitosan/glyoxal composite beads show a promising slow-release potential in soil for agrochemicals like DCD.

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Comparison of the effectiveness of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, in reducing nitrous oxide emissions in four different soils under different climatic and management conditions

Cited by 174 publications

References 15 publications

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia

Populus deltoides females are more selective in nitrogen assimilation than males under different nitrogen forms supply

Slow delivery of a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) to soil using a biodegradable hydrogel of chitosan

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