Comparison of the effects of Ginger extract with clomiphene citrate on sex hormones in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Abstract

Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women which affect fertility. Clomiphene citrate is used as first-line treatment for this disorder, which is associated with some complications and therapeutic resistance. Objective:In this research, we compare the effectiveness of ginger with clomiphene on sexual hormones such as Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen and progesterone in order to treat PCOS effectively with fewer side effects.Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 63 adult female rats (170-200 gr) were studied and divided randomly into 9 groups as control (not received any interventional substance for 60 and 89 days), sham (were given distilled water and ethyl alcohol intraperitoneally daily for 60 and 89 days), and 7 experimental groups receiving estradiol valerate (PCOS inducing agent, intramuscular) alone and with 100 mg/kg clomiphene or different doses of ginger extract (175 and 350 mg/kg) orally daily for 60 and 89 days. Sexual hormones were analyzed and compared in different groups. Results:Our results showed that in the PCOS-induced group, LH and estrogen concentration increased while progesterone and FSH concentration decreased remarkably (p<0.05) as compared to control group. Furthermore, in groups receiving clomiphene and ginger extract, we demonstrated significant (p<0.05) improvement in hormonal secretion as compared to the PCOS-induced group. Clomiphene, compared with the lower dose of ginger extract, had a better improving effect on balancing sexual hormones in PCOS. Moreover, ginger extract at higher doses has better effects in improving PCOS. Conclusion:As the long-term administration of clomiphene citrate has some side effects, the use of ginger as a herbal medicine without any side effects at high doses can be an effective and good alternative in improving PCOS.

The effect of clomiphene citrate, herbal mixture, and herbal mixture along with clomiphene citrate on clinical and para-clinical parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial

“…Furthermore, at higher doses, ginger was found to have similar efficacy as CC but without any side effects. Moreover, it can be used as an effective and good alternative for improving PCOS by decreasing the LH and estrogen while notably increasing progesterone and FSH concentrations [47]. The findings of all the above-mentioned studies are in line with the results of the current study.…”

Impact of Cold Exposure on the Reproductive Function in Female Rats

“…Cold exposure poses a serious threat to public health and is widely considered as a global challenge for human health. Researchers are particularly concerned about female reproductive system disorders, such as hormonal and ovarian tissue disorders, and how to prevent and treat them under cold conditions [4].…”

Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines for Treating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review

“…induced normal glomerulus, normal basement membrane, and capillaries ( Sadrefozalayi and Farokhi, 2014 ). Zingiber officinale Roscoe lowered the levels of LH and estrogen, and increased the levels of FSH and progesterone in neonatal female SD rats ( Atashpour et al., 2017 ). Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.…”

“…Herbal medicines were found to normalize female hormones, ( Zangeneh et al., 2010 ; Rezvanfar et al., 2012 ; Jang et al., 2014 ; Yu et al., 2014 ; Gu et al., 2015 ; Zhou et al., 2016 ; Atashpour et al., 2017 ; Sun et al., 2017 ; Xia et al., 2017 ; Zhao et al., 2017 ; Jelodar et al., 2018 ), diminish male hormones ( Yang et al., 2011 ; Rezvanfar et al., 2012 ; Yu et al., 2014 ; Gu et al., 2015 ; Zhou et al., 2016 ; Xia et al., 2017 ; Zhao et al., 2017 ; Jelodar et al., 2018 ), recover the estrous cycle ( Mohamadin et al., 2010 ; Yang et al., 2011 ; Rezvanfar et al., 2012 ; Jang et al., 2014 ; Soumya et al., 2014 ; Yu et al., 2014 ; Gu et al., 2015 ; Lee et al., 2016 ; Zhou et al., 2016 ; Sun et al., 2017 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Xia et al., 2017 ), ameliorate insulin resistance ( Li et al., 2010 ; Mannerås et al., 2010 ; Yang et al., 2011 ; Desai et al., 2012 ; Wang et al., 2017 ; Zhao et al., 2017 ), and improve lipid metabolism in PCOS model ( Mannerås et al., 2010 ; Desai et al., 2012 ; Soumya et al., 2014 ). The actions of herbal medicines and relevant outcomes are shown in Table 4 .…”