Comparison of the Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Ileal Transposition Surgeries on Food Intake, Body Weight, and Circulating Peptide YY Concentrations in Rats

Chelikani, Prasanth; Shah, Imran H.; Taqi, Esmaeel; Sigalet, David L.; Koopmans, Henry S.

doi:10.1007/s11695-010-0139-6

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The lower ileum is then transected at a certain distance from the ileocecal valve and a gastroileal (gastrojejunal) anastomosis made with the proximal stomach pouch to create the Roux limb. The bypassed bilepancreatic limb is anastomosed to the Roux limb to form the common passage which continues into the cecum (20). The weight loss and resolution of diabetes from RYGB is hypothesized to be due to 1) changes in neurohormonal response through anatomic manipulations such as gastric restriction, 2) exclusion of the distal stomach and proximal intestine, 3) early arrival of food in jejunum, 4) passage of partially digested nutrient to distal intestine, 5) partition of enteric secretion from alimentary flow and 6) partial vagotomy (21).…”

Section: Rational For Foregut Hind Gut and Combination Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition, alone and in combination, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, and glucose metabolism in rats

Nausheen

Shah

Pezeshki

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Gastric bypass surgeries for obesity are hypothesized to produce weight loss and improve diabetes by multiple mechanisms including gastric restriction and lower gut stimulation.The surgeries typically involve rearrangement of the fore-gut, hind-gut or both. We compared the effects of foregut (Sleeve Gastrectomy, SG), hindgut (Ileal Transposition; IT), both (SG+IT), or sham manipulations, on food intake, body weight and glucose tolerance in male SD rats. SG, IT and SGIT surgeries produced transient reduction in food intake and weight gain but improvements in glucose tolerance. SG, IT and SGIT surgeries increased plasma GLP-1 concentrations; IT and SGIT increased PYY concentrations. The protein abundance of key markers of glucose metabolism (e.g. GLUT4, AMPK, PKA, IRS-1) in muscle and adipose tissue were increased following SG, IT, or SGIT. Improvement in glycemic control following these surgeries appears to be independent of changes in weight and is likely due to enhanced lower gut stimulation.iii Acknowledgment

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Section: Rational For Foregut Hind Gut and Combination Surgeriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example RYGB increases basal or post prandial concentrations of PYY (20,58,78,79,88,89) (48) (please see Table 1 for a summary of rodent studies). Ileal transposition in rodents also increases postprandial concentrations of PYY (20,46) (please see Table 3 for a summary of rodent studies).…”

Section: Peptide Yymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition, alone and in combination, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, and glucose metabolism in rats

Nausheen

Shah

Pezeshki

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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“…A major hypothesis is that changes in gut hormone release are crucial. Drastically increased postprandial circulating levels of GLP-1 and PYY have been demonstrated in clinical studies (18,32,33,36,38,44,47,50) and in rodent models (13,16,37,56) for both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy.…”

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confidence: 96%

GLP-1 receptor signaling is not required for reduced body weight after RYGB in rodents

Zheng

Mumphrey

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

163

116

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-Exaggerated GLP-1 and PYY secretion is thought to be a major mechanism in the reduced food intake and body weight after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Here, we use complementary pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function approaches to test the role of increased signaling by these gut hormones in high-fat diet-induced obese rodents. Chronic brain infusion of a supramaximal dose of the selective GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-9 -39 into the lateral cerebral ventricle significantly increased food intake and body weight in both RYGB and sham-operated rats, suggesting that, while contributing to the physiological control of food intake and body weight, central GLP-1 receptor signaling tone is not the critical mechanism uniquely responsible for the body weightlowering effects of RYGB. Central infusion of the selective Y2R-antagonist BIIE0246 had no effect in either group, suggesting that it is not critical for the effects of RYGB on body weight under the conditions tested. In a recently established mouse model of RYGB that closely mimics surgery and weight loss dynamics in humans, obese GLP-1R-deficient mice lost the same amount of body weight and fat mass and maintained similarly lower body weight compared with wild-type mice. Together, the results surprisingly provide no support for important individual roles of either gut hormone in the specific mechanisms by which RYGB rats settle at a lower body weight. It is likely that the beneficial effects of bariatric surgeries are expressed through complex mechanisms that require combination approaches for their identification.Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; gut hormones; brain; GLP-1R knockout; food intake; exendin-(9 -39), BIIE0246; high-fat diet THE NUMBER OF BARIATRIC SURGERIES performed has steadily increased because for many obese patients, it is the last hope for significant and enduring body weight loss and general improvement of health. There have been an increasing number of clinical and preclinical studies with the goal to unravel the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of bariatric surgeries, but there has not yet been a breakthrough. A major hypothesis is that changes in gut hormone release are crucial. Drastically increased postprandial circulating levels of GLP-1 and PYY have been demonstrated in clinical studies (18,32,33,36,38,44,47,50) and in rodent models (13, 16, 37, 56) for both Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy.GLP-1 is a powerful hormone that acts both in the periphery and brain to stimulate insulin secretion, inhibit gastric emptying, and suppress food intake (for recent reviews, see Refs. 7,12,43). Exogenous administration of GLP-1 or its stable analog exendin-4, as well as PYY(3-36), has been shown in numerous preclinical and clinical studies to suppress food intake and lower body weight (e.g., (2,4,5,9,15,19,24,27,40,57,59) or to suppress hepatic glucose production (52), in some of them by directly acting on the brain. The stable GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 is widely used by Type 2 diabetic patients to sta...

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“…While self-report measures in humans are vulnerable to inaccuracies (e.g., 9, 15, 23, 24, 33; also see 19), these results are mirrored in rat models of RYGB. After RYGB, rats lose body weight, consume fewer overall calories, and show blunted preferences for high-fat laboratory diets, as well as for sucrose solutions, the soybean oil emulsion Intralipid, and dietary supplements like Ensure that are high in fat and sugar (e.g., 3,5,14,16,22,26,27,36,37).Although these data from rodent models of RYGB are compelling, the nutritive stimuli studied are not always representative of "real-world" choices from which patients will select their new diet. We addressed this in the current report by presenting rats before and after either RYGB or a sham operation with a "cafeteria" or "supermarket" diet, which consists of ad libitum access to many different palatable items (For reviews see 25, 34).…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats progressively decreases the proportion of fat calories selected from a palatable cafeteria diet

Mathes

Letourneau

Blonde

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Mathes CM, Letourneau C, Blonde GD, le Roux CW, Spector AC. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats progressively decreases the proportion of fat calories selected from a palatable cafeteria diet. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 310: R952-R959, 2016. First published February 10, 2016 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00444.2015.-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) decreases caloric intake in both human patients and rodent models. In long-term intake tests, rats decrease their preference for fat and/or sugar after RYGB, and patients may have similar changes in food selection. Here we evaluated the impact of RYGB on intake during a "cafeteria"-style presentation of foods to assess if rats would lower the percentage of calories taken from fat and/or sugar after RYGB in a more complex dietary context. Male Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent either RYGB or sham surgery (Sham) were presurgically and postsurgically given 8-days free access to four semisolid foods representative of different fat and sugar levels along with standard chow and water. Compared with Sham rats, RYGB rats took proportionally fewer calories from fat and more calories from carbohydrates; the latter was not attributable to an increase in sugar intake. The proportion of calories taken from protein after RYGB also increased slightly. Importantly, these postsurgical macronutrient caloric intake changes in the RYGB rats were progressive, making it unlikely that the surgery had an immediate impact on the hedonic evaluation of the foods and strongly suggesting that learning is influencing the food choices. Indeed, despite these dietary shifts, RYGB, as well as Sham, rats continued to select the majority of their calories from the high-fat/high-sugar option. Apparently after RYGB, rats can progressively regulate their intake and selection of complex foods to achieve a seemingly healthier macronutrient dietary composition. supermarket diet; bariatric surgery; diet-induced obesity; conditioned avoidance ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS (RYGB) is an effective means by which to reduce excess body weight in the morbidly obese (e.g., 28). While many physiological changes induced by the operation may contribute to weight loss, there is strong evidence that patients eat less and have reduced appetite (e.g., 1, 13, 35). In some studies, RYGB patients report less frequent consumption of high-fat foods, like cheeses and red meats (e.g., 14); sweets, like soda and candy (e.g., 7, 11, 31); and other palatable mixtures of sugar and fat, such as ice cream (e.g., 2, 10, 30). While self-report measures in humans are vulnerable to inaccuracies (e.g., 9, 15, 23, 24, 33; also see 19), these results are mirrored in rat models of RYGB. After RYGB, rats lose body weight, consume fewer overall calories, and show blunted preferences for high-fat laboratory diets, as well as for sucrose solutions, the soybean oil emulsion Intralipid, and dietary supplements like Ensure that are high in fat and sugar (e.g., 3,5,14,16,22,26,27,36,37).Although these data from rodent models of RYGB are compelling, t...

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Comparison of the Effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Ileal Transposition Surgeries on Food Intake, Body Weight, and Circulating Peptide YY Concentrations in Rats

Abstract: We demonstrate in our rat models that RYGB surgery produces a greater reduction in food intake and weight gain than IT surgery, and that both surgeries are associated with enhanced plasma concentrations of Peptide YY.

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition, alone and in combination, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, and glucose metabolism in rats

Effects of sleeve gastrectomy and ileal transposition, alone and in combination, on food intake, body weight, gut hormones, and glucose metabolism in rats

GLP-1 receptor signaling is not required for reduced body weight after RYGB in rodents

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in rats progressively decreases the proportion of fat calories selected from a palatable cafeteria diet

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