Comparison of the Effects of Human β-defensin 3, Vancomycin, and Clindamycin on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation

Abstract

Despite improvements in surgical techniques and implant design in orthopedic surgery, implantation-associated infections are still a challenging problem for surgeons. In 2006, trace quantities of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) were found in human bone tissue and bone cells. Human β-defensin 3 is a 45-amino-acid peptide that is considered the most promising class of defensin antimicrobial peptides and may help in the prevention and treatment of implantation-associated infections. Studies of the effectiveness of hBD-3 against Staphylococcus aureus showed that hBD-3 was more potent at low concentrations than other antibiotics. The effect of hBD-3 on S aureus biofilms has not been reported. We studied the effect of hBD-3, vancomycin, and clindamycin on S aureus biofilms and on the survival of the bacteria in the biofilms.Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were examined with confocal scanning laser microscopy. Staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight viability stain (Molecular Probes Europe BV, Leiden, The Netherlands) differentiated between live and dead bacteria within the biofilms, and extracellular polymeric substances (slime) from the biofilms was evaluated after staining with calcofluor white (Sigma Chemical Company, Rocky Hill, New Jersey). Human β-defensin 3 and clindamycin reduced the S aureus biofilm area. Human β-defensin 3 was significantly more effective against bacteria from the S aureus biofilms than was clindamycin. Vancomycin did not reduce the S aureus biofilm area.

Microcalorimetric Determination of the Effects of Amoxicillin, Metronidazole, and Their Combination on In Vitro Biofilm

“…To relate the results reported in this study to previous investigations, live/dead staining and conventional culturing were used to test antibiotic susceptibility of adherent S. sanguinis and P. gingivalis cells to demonstrate a possible correlation between the two methods regarding vitality rates in treated samples 14,34 . Both methods are commonly used in experiments on antibiotic susceptibility testing in vitro 8,16‐20 . However, poor correlation between the two methods was detected by the antibiotic susceptibility testing of adherent cells.…”

Ultrasound microbubbles enhance human β-defensin 3 against biofilms

“…Bacteria from overnight cultures were diluted 1:1000, so that 50 mL of these bacterial suspensions contained approximately 10 6 cells. Twenty-four hours before surgery, ATCC35984 and ATCC43300 cells were added to each well (tissue culture-treated polystyrene; Costar 3595; Corning Inc, Corning, NY) containing 1 mL of biofilm medium consisting of 0.5 Â BBL TSB Q3 supplemented with 0.2% (w/v) glucose (TSBG) [14,20]. Before seeding, titanium plates (1-mm-thick and 10-mm in diameter; Sh-puwei,…”

“…Warnke et al [13] demonstrated that the innate immune activity of HBD-3 existed inside bones, which might have potential applications in orthopedic surgery in reducing the rate of peri-implant infection. Huang et al [14] reported the role of the bactericidal effect of HBD-3 in inhibiting the formation of methicillin-susceptible S aureus biofilms. In our present study, we have proved that the bactericidal effect of HBD-3 or HBD-3 combined with UTMD and their role in inhibiting the formation of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus biofilms [15,16].…”

Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F Are Critical for Antimicrobial Peptide Production and Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization

“…Activity of hBD-2 against S. aureus is present but at higher concentrations (10). hBD-3 has a stronger lethal effect on both planktonic and biofilmgrown S. aureus than vancomycin and other antibiotics at low concentrations (11,12). In another study, hBD-3 and hBD-2 were induced in patients with lesional S. aureus skin infections but not in healthy patients (13).…”