Comparison of the Effects of Tocotrienol and Estrogen on the Bone Markers and Dynamic Changes in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Model

Aktifanus, Ahmad Tantawi Jauhari; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun; Rashid, Nurul Hashimah A; Ling, Tarn Heng; Loong, Chua Yin; Saat, Nurulhayati M.; Muhammad, Norliza; Mohamed, Norazlina; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana

doi:10.3923/ajava.2012.225.234

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These findings were in agreement with our previous study except in one parameter. The previous study showed that the ovariectomized rats had lower mineral appositional rate compared to the sham-operated group [23]. In terms of cellular histomorphometry parameters, ovariectomy caused reduction in osteoid volume as compared to the sham group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats

Mohamed

Sahhugi²,

Ramli

et al. 2013

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundCosmos caudatus is a local plant which has antioxidant properties and contains high calcium. It is also reported to be able to strengthen the bone. This report is an extension to previously published article in Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (doi:10.1155/2012/817814). In this study, we determined the effectiveness of C. caudatus as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis due to post-menopause by looking at the dynamic and cellular paramaters of bone histomorphometry.MethodsForty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups i.e. sham operated, ovariectomized, ovariectomized treated with calcium 1% ad libitum and ovariectomized force-fed with 500 mg/kg C. caudatus extract. Treatment was given six days a week for eight weeks.ResultsDynamic and cellular histomorphometry parameters were measured. C. caudatus increased double-labeled surface (dLS/BS), mineral appositional rate (MAR), osteoid volume (OV/BV) and osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS). C. caudatus also gave better results compared to calcium 1% in the osteoid volume (OV/BV) parameter.ConclusionsC. caudatus at the 500 mg/kg dose may be an alternative treatment in restoring bone damage that may occur in post-menopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats

Mohamed

Sahhugi²,

Ramli

et al. 2013

BMC Res Notes

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“…Hence, antioxidant supplementation may help in abating oxidative stress and protecting from bone loss. It was demonstrated in studies that tocotrienol, a vitamin E and a potent antioxidant, was able to protect the bones of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model from the deleterious effects of estrogen deficiency [82,83]. Based on previous studies, LP was found to exhibit anti-oxidative properties due to the presence of flavanoids, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, saponins, tannins, and triterpenes [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of Labisia pumila on postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model: Dose and time-dependent micro-CT analysis

Effendy

Khamis

Soelaiman

et al. 2014

Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology: Clinical Applications

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BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is best treated and prevented by estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). Although effective, ERT may cause breast cancer, uterine cancer and cardiovascular problems. Labisia pumila var. alata (LP), a herb with phytoestrogenic, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects has potential as an ERT alternative. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate micro-CT analysis on the effects of LP supplementation on the trabecular microarchitecture of postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Micro-CT is an effective tool in detecting changes in trabecular bone structure and providing a three dimensional information which may replace other conventional bone analysis methods. METHODS: Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (4 to 5 months old) were randomly divided into six groups of baseline group (BL) Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomised control (OVXC), ovariectomised with 64.5 μg/kg of Premarin (ERT), ovariectomised with 20 mg/kg of LP (LP20) and ovariectomised with 100 mg/kg of LP at (LP100). The vehicle (deionized water), Premarin and LP were given via daily oral gavages for three, six and nine weeks of treatment periods. Rats in BL group were euthanized before the start of the study, while other rats were euthanized after completion of their treatments. Femora were dissected out and trabecular bone microarchitecture analysed with micro-CT. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis of OVXC rats revealed significant osteoporotic changes in connectivity density, trabecular bone volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number. Both ERT and LP were able to reverse all the OVX-induced bone changes with the best results seen with 100 mg/kg of LP for nine weeks duration of treatment. CONCLUSION: Micro-CT provides accurate and reliable information on trabecular bone parameters which aid in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. LP supplementation at 100 mg/kg was more effective than ERT in reversing ovariectomyinduced bone changes. Further studies are required to explore the potential of LP as ERT alternative in the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

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“…A declining concentration of circulating estrogen contributes to the loss of bone mass and functional integrity of the bone structure as estrogen aids in regulating bone homeostasis [26]. The Ovariectomized (OVX) female rodent model is commonly used to study the benefit of tocotrienols in bone health [27][28][29][30][31][32]. The traditionally used OVX model, bilateral ovariectomy (i.e., surgical removal of ovaries), results in estrogen deficiency that mimics estrogen status in postmenopausal women [2].…”

Section: In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tocotrienols in Bone Protection: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

Meister

et al. 2020

eFood

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Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease affecting millions, mostly the aging population. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts maintain the balance in bone resorption and formation. Changes occurring in the differentiation, proliferation and activity of these two cell types result in lower bone mass and microarchitecture deterioration, leading to compromised bone strength. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress disrupt the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Tocotrienols, vitamin E isoforms with an unsaturated hydrophobic tridecyl chain, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation by downregulating reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor-κB activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme in bone cells. Consequently, tocotrienols increase bone mineralization, promote osteoblast differentiation, and suppress osteoclast formation and differentiation. In vivo studies using various animal models of osteoporosis show improved biomarkers of bone formation and bone strength with tocotrienol supplementation. Tocotrienol-mediated downregulation of the mevalonate pathway that provides substrates for the biological activities of small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins may also contribute to the regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Clinical studies are needed to confirm the bone-protection offered by tocotrienols that are found in abundance in plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and oils, which are also known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Comparison of the Effects of Tocotrienol and Estrogen on the Bone Markers and Dynamic Changes in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Model

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats

The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats

The effects of Labisia pumila on postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model: Dose and time-dependent micro-CT analysis

Tocotrienols in Bone Protection: Evidence from Preclinical Studies

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