Comparison of the Effects of Eccentric, Concentric, and Eccentric-Concentric Isotonic Resistance Training at Two Velocities on Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy

Ünlü, Gürcan; Çevi̇kol, Can; Melekoğlu, Tuba

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003086

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Several studies have demonstrated the benefit of eccentric rehabilitation in terms of muscle strength gain compared with concentric reinforcement, while other authors found no difference between the two types of exercises. 20,[28][29][30] In our study, although we did not find any in M MAX , we identified an increase in muscle contraction at rapid velocity (M MAX 150°/s) in the eccentric group and an increase in P MAX muscle power. This can be explained by the fact that power is equal to the product of force and velocity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Concentric or eccentric physical activity for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized prospective study

Trojani

Chorin

Gerus

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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Background: Knee osteoarthritis–related pain limits physical function and leads to functional disability. Physical activity is one of the central recommendations for the management of knee osteoarthritis. Although concentric muscle activities are often preferred to eccentric ones, the corresponding rationale remains controversial. Objective: To explore the effect of a 6-week exercise program on function, pain, and performance in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis were included in the prospective EX-ART project (Walking performance in osteoARThritic subjects: effect of an ECCentric muscle strengthening program) and randomized in a 6-week rehabilitation program including either eccentric or concentric activities. Metrics of interest chosen as end points measured before and after the rehabilitation were WOMAC score, pain, and muscular performance (quadriceps power PMAX and contraction strength MMAX). MRI was also used to assess muscle volume and fat infiltration changes. Results: 30 patients were included in each group; mean age was 74 (±7.6); 69% were women. At week 6, both groups showed a significant improvement in the WOMAC without difference between the two groups ( p = 0.7). No difference between the two groups was identified for the pain reduction ( p = 0.7). A significant improvement in the change in PMAX and MMAX at high velocity ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.002) was observed in the eccentric group only. A vastus medialis hypertrophy was quantified in the eccentric group only ( p = 0.002), whereas fat infiltration in the quadriceps muscles was unchanged. Conclusion: Physical activity, whether eccentric or concentric, has a benefit on function and pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. A few differences have been identified between the two types of rehabilitation. More particularly, a gain in muscle performance and vastus medialis volume was found with eccentric rehabilitation only. Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , registration number NCT03167502.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Concentric or eccentric physical activity for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized prospective study

Trojani

Chorin

Gerus

et al. 2022

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal

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“…Therefore, the combined isotonic contraction technique might be more successful than the repeated stretching technique in terms of increasing the knee extensor muscle strength. Previous studies have reported that when eccentric exercises are added to the concentric exercise program, a considerable increase in muscle strength is obtained [18]. At the same time, the current literature also suggests that the combined application of concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercises should be executed to maximize muscle strength [17][18][19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have reported that when eccentric exercises are added to the concentric exercise program, a considerable increase in muscle strength is obtained [18]. At the same time, the current literature also suggests that the combined application of concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercises should be executed to maximize muscle strength [17][18][19]. In some previous studies, improvement in muscle strength was achieved with the application of the PNF methods, which was depicted in our study as well [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different neuromuscular facilitation techniques and conventional physiotherapy in knee osteoarthritis

2021

Turk J Med Sci

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Background/Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effects of two different 'Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)' techniques on knee muscle strength, knee muscular endurance, and proprioception in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and conventional physiotherapy. Materials and Methods:The study included 35 patients aged 47-62 years and diagnosed with stage 1-2 KOA. Using a block randomization method, the patients were divided into three groups as Repeated Stretching Group with repeated stretching (TG) technique (n = 12), Combined Isotonic Contraction Group with combined isotonic contractions (CIC) technique (n = 11), and Conventional Physiotherapy Group (n = 12).PNF was applied to all lower extremity patterns, and all patients were treated 3 days a week for a total of 6 weeks. Muscle strength, muscle endurance, and proprioception were evaluated with Biodex®System Pro3 (Biodex Corp. Shirley NY, USA) before and after the treatment.Results: Knee extensor muscle strength with the CIC technique showed a marked improvement than other methods and conventional physiotherapy in terms of knee joint position sense evaluated at 60° (p <0.05). Conclusion:Although all methods were effective in patients with early-stage knee osteoarthritis; however, it was observed that the most effective results were obtained by PNF using the CIC technique.

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“…In maximal efforts, eccentric force has repeatedly been reported significantly higher than concentric in the literature [ 16 , 17 ]. The difference in force between maximal eccentric and eccentric-concentric actions, however, is not well studied in strength-training research [ 18 ] and is lacking in studies on NHE. While it could be said that there is an evidence-based preventive effect of NHE training [ 9 ], several fundamental issues such as how to perform this exercise when it comes to dosing and whether eccentric-only or eccentric-concentric muscle actions should be used is still not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Peak Knee Flexor Force between Eccentric-Only and Combined Eccentric-Concentric Nordic Hamstring Exercise

Augustsson

Andersson

2023

Sports

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In many sports, the hamstring strain injury is a common injury. There is evidence that the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), a knee flexor exercise, can reduce hamstring injury risk in athletes. In research on hamstring injury prevention, eccentric-only NHE is typically performed, whereas in sports, it is relatively common for athletes to perform NHE eccentrically-concentrically. Further, NHE strength is generally assessed by measuring knee flexor force through an ankle brace, attached atop of a load cell. An alternative method might be to assess knee flexor force about the knee joint using a force plate. The aim of the study was to investigate differences in peak knee flexor force between eccentric-only and combined eccentric-concentric NHE. The purpose was also to determine the correlation between hamstring force measured at the ankle using a load cell (current gold standard) and force assessed about the knee joint using a force plate during NHE. Fifteen junior and senior elite soccer and track and field athletes (3 women and 12 men aged 17–27 years) performed eccentric NHE (ENHE) in which they leaned forward as far as possible until breakpoint and eccentric-concentric NHE (ECNHE) where they returned to the starting position. A linear encoder measured the position at which peak force occurred during the NHEs. Force assessed at the ankle differed significantly (678 vs. 600 N, p < 0.05), whereas force about the knee joint did not (640 vs. 607 N, p > 0.05) between ENHE and ECNHE (12 and 5% difference, respectively). The forward distance achieved by the participants in cm at breakpoint for ENHE was 37% higher than at the coupling phase for ECNHE (74 vs. 54 cm, p < 0.001). Very strong significant (p < 0.01) correlations were noted between peak force assessed at the ankle and about the knee joint for ENHE and ECNHE, r = 0.96 and r = 0.99, respectively. Our results suggest that ECNHE, where peak knee flexor force was reached with 37% less forward movement, may complement ENHE, i.e., during hamstring injury rehabilitation, where a position of great knee extension may not be well tolerated by the athlete. Further, assessing knee flexor force about the knee joint using a force plate may provide an alternative to measuring force at the ankle using a load cell when testing NHE strength.

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Comparison of the Effects of Eccentric, Concentric, and Eccentric-Concentric Isotonic Resistance Training at Two Velocities on Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Concentric or eccentric physical activity for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized prospective study

Concentric or eccentric physical activity for patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized prospective study

Comparison of different neuromuscular facilitation techniques and conventional physiotherapy in knee osteoarthritis

Differences in Peak Knee Flexor Force between Eccentric-Only and Combined Eccentric-Concentric Nordic Hamstring Exercise

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