Comparison of the effects of absorption coefficient and pulse duration of 2.12-μm and 2.79-μm radiation on laser ablation of tissue

Frenz, Martin; Pratisto, Hans Surya; Könz, F.; Jansen, E.; Welch, Ashley J.; Weber, H. P.

doi:10.1109/3.544746

Cited by 99 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Frenz et al observed that the Ho:YAG pulse (t p ¼ 400 microseconds)-induced craters on human meniscus have much larger width than the beam diameter. They attribute the crater widening to the vapor expansion [19]. Walsh et al also suggested that the expansion of the vapor contributes to the tearing of the soft tissue [23,24].…”

Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The superior drilling ability of the free running Er:YAG laser, which did not inflict significant collateral damage, has been demonstrated in numerous studies. Frenz et al reported that the Er:YAG laser is capable of drilling a much deeper hole than the Ho:YAG laser during laser-soft tissue interactions [19,20]. They also compare the shape of bubbles formed during the irradiation of two laser beams into water [21].…”

Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

et al. 2005

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Background and Objectives: We tested Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser ablation of human urinary calculi to determine if Er:YAG is a more efficient lithotripsy device. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Ablation efficiency of Ho:YAG and Er:YAG lasers was tested at varying energy settings, ranging from the damage threshold to clinical energy setting associated with Ho:YAG laser. Stones of known composition (calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), cystine, and uric acid (UA)) were irradiated. Crater width, depth, and ablation volumes were determined using an optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results: For all stones and energy settings, the Er:YAG laser produced deeper craters and larger ablation volumes than Ho:YAG laser. The Ho:YAG laser created wider craters during the multiple pulse process and the shape of craters was irregular. Conclusions: The Er:YAG laser is more efficient than the Ho:YAG laser for lithotripsy. The deeper craters produced by the Er:YAG laser is attributed to the high absorption of energy at its wavelength.

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Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ablation Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary calculus fragmentation during Ho: YAG and Er:YAG lithotripsy

et al. 2005

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“…19 Thermocavitation was later studied indirectly by other research groups interested in ablation of biological materials using the relative high absorption coefficient of water and biological tissue in the wavelength range of 2-3 µm. 23,24 In particular, Ho:YAG laser (λ = 2.1 µm) and Er:YSGG laser (λ = 2.79 µm) have been used for efficient tissue ablation in urology in order to fragment stones or calculi from the urinary tract, i.e., kidney, bladder, or urethra. 25 Finally, it was noticed that at the output end of optical fibers covered with nanoparticles immersed in water, vapor bubbles were formed due to heat transfer from the nanoparticles to the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic cavitation with CW lasers: A review

et al. 2014

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The most common method to generate optic cavitation involves the focusing of short-pulsed lasers in a transparent liquid media. In this work, we review a novel method of optic cavitation that uses low power CW lasers incident in highly absorbing liquids. This novel method of cavitation is called thermocavitation. Light absorbed heats up the liquid beyond its boiling temperature (spinodal limit) in a time span of microseconds to milliseconds (depending on the optical intensity). Once the liquid is heated up to its spinodal limit (∼300 °C for pure water), the superheated water becomes unstable to random density fluctuations and an explosive phase transition to vapor takes place producing a fast-expanding vapor bubble. Eventually, the bubble collapses emitting a strong shock-wave. The bubble is always attached to the surface taking a semi-spherical shape, in contrast to that produced by pulsed lasers in transparent liquids, where the bubble is produced at the focal point. Using high speed video (105 frames/s), we study the bubble’s dynamic behavior. Finally, we show that heat diffusion determines the water superheated volume and, therefore, the amplitude of the shock wave. A full experimental characterization of thermocavitation is described.

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“…Among them, 2.7 μm lasers from Er 3+ activated inorganic materials have attracted high attentions in view of the possible applications in medicine, sensing, military counter-measures as well as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) [2]. Fluoride glasses, especially heavy metal fluoro-zirconate glasses, are among the optimal hosts for 2.7 μm lasers due to their low absorption coefficient in the typical H 2 O absorption band at 3 μm, low nonradiative decay rate and high radiative transition rate [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%