Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses

Nobusawa, Eri; Sato, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1128/jvi.80.7.3675-3678.2006

Cited by 248 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Finally, molecular characterization studies showed that no molecular adaptive changes occurred and almost identical viruses infected humans and swine. There were only minor differences between human and swine pH1N1 isolates, which is likely, given the natural mutation rate of influenza virus both in vitro and in vivo [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Forgie

Keenliside

Wilkinson

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Forgie

Keenliside

Wilkinson

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…Influenza A virus can mutate at rates of up to 10 3 mutations/site/year (66). While these rates typically result in many mutations, the population sizes of these viruses allow for efficient selection to remove even marginally deleterious changes (49,67). In addition, even synonymous changes in influenza A viruses can have significant fitness effects and likely experience some level of selection (68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread and Persistence of Influenza A Viruses in Waterfowl Hosts in the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway

Fries

Nolting

Bowman

et al. 2015

J Virol

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While geographic distance often restricts the spread of pathogens via hosts, this barrier may be compromised when host species are mobile. Migratory waterfowl in the order Anseriformes are important reservoir hosts for diverse populations of avian-origin influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are assumed to spread AIVs during their annual continental-scale migrations. However, support for this hypothesis is limited, and it is rarely tested using data from comprehensive surveillance efforts incorporating both the temporal and spatial aspects of host migratory patterns. We conducted intensive AIV surveillance of waterfowl using the North American Mississippi Migratory Flyway (MMF) over three autumn migratory seasons. Viral isolates (n ‫؍‬ 297) from multiple host species were sequenced and analyzed for patterns of gene dispersal between northern staging and southern wintering locations. Using a phylogenetic and nucleotide identity framework, we observed a larger amount of gene dispersal within this flyway rather than between the other three longitudinally identified North American flyways. Across seasons, we observed patterns of regional persistence of diversity for each genomic segment, along with limited survival of dispersed AIV gene lineages. Reassortment increased with both time and distance, resulting in transient AIV constellations. This study shows that within the MMF, AIV gene flow favors spread along the migratory corridor within a season, and also that intensive surveillance during bird migration is important for identifying virus dispersal on time scales relevant to pandemic responsiveness. In addition, this study indicates that comprehensive monitoring programs to capture AIV diversity are critical for providing insight into AIV evolution and ecology in a major natural reservoir. IMPORTANCEMigratory birds are a reservoir for antigenic and genetic diversity of influenza A viruses (AIVs) and are implicated in the spread of virus diversity that has contributed to previous pandemic events. Evidence for dispersal of avian-origin AIVs by migratory birds is rarely examined on temporal scales relevant to pandemic or panzootic threats. Therefore, characterizing AIV movement by hosts within a migratory season is important for implementing effective surveillance strategies. We conducted surveillance following birds along a major North American migratory route and observed that within a migratory season, AIVs rapidly reassorted and gene lineages were dispersed primarily within the migratory corridor. Patterns of regional persistence were observed across seasons for each gene segment. We show that dispersal of AIV gene lineages by migratory birds occurs quickly along migratory routes and that surveillance for AIVs threatening human and animal health should focus attention on these routes.

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“…Firstly, the ability to reconstitute an error-free genome from a selection of miscopied and correctly copied segments -by an assembly checkpoint or by multiplicity reactivation -may provide a way to escape from Muller's ratchet (the irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations in an asexually reproducing genome; Muller, 1964;Belshaw et al, 2008;Chao et al, 1997;Pressing & Reanney, 1984). The pressure of deleterious mutations is likely to be acute in influenza viruses because their RNA genomes are reproduced with relatively low fidelity and are prone to damage (Nobusawa & Sato, 2006;Suarez et al, 1992) while seasonal genetic bottlenecks periodically reduce the effective population size of the virus (Gog et al, 2003;Rambaut et al, 2008), increasing the importance of genetic drift (Moya et al, 2004). The ability of segmentation to restore a functional influenza A genome EM image of an RNP negatively stained with uranyl acetate.…”

Section: Genome Segmentation: a Mixed Blessingmentioning

confidence: 99%