Comparison of the odds of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major toxins by Clostridium perfringens obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome or left-displaced abomasum

Dennison, Anita C.; Metre, David C. Van; Morley, Paul S.; Callan, Robert J.; Plampin, Emily C.; Ellis, Robert P.

doi:10.2460/javma.2005.227.132

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In Europe, there is no associated diarrhoea and only rarely tympanism (Fleming 1985, Manteca and Daube 1994). This is in contrast with the observations made in the USA in high-producing dairy cows or beef cattle suffering from HBS (Clarkson and others 1985, Dennison and others 2002, 2005, Abutarbush and others 2004, Abutarbush and Radostits 2005, Ceci and others 2006, Muskens and others 2007). If the animal does not die suddenly, some agonic signs may be observed (respiratory distress, lateral recumbency and convulsions before coma).…”

Section: Clinical Datacontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…At the end of the 20th century a pathology closely related to enterotoxaemia was described in North America: the haemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) or jejunal haemorrhage syndrome (JHS) (Dennison and others 2002, 2005, Abutarbush and others 2004, Abutarbush and Radostits 2005, Ceci and others 2006). This syndrome, affecting mainly high-producing dairy cattle, is so closely related that it will be discussed commonly with ‘beef cattle’ enterotoxaemia in this paper.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cattle enterotoxaemia andClostridium perfringens: description, diagnosis and prophylaxis

Lebrun¹,

Mainil

Lindén

2010

Veterinary Record

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Section: Clinical Datacontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cattle enterotoxaemia andClostridium perfringens: description, diagnosis and prophylaxis

Lebrun¹,

Mainil

Lindén

2010

Veterinary Record

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“…Over the past decade CPB2 has been associated with enteric diseases in a wide range of animals (Tables 3 and 4) including swine [65,162,[167][168][169][170], cattle [28,32,[171][172][173][174], horses [33,[35][36][37][38][39], sheep and goats [175,176], and wild animals such as deer [177] and bears [178,179]. The clinical signs observed in CPB2-mediated enteric diseases range from pasty to watery diarrhea with blood in feces, abdominal pain, and loss of body condition.…”

Section: Role Of Cpb2 In Animal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium Perfringens Toxins Involved in Mammalian Veterinary Diseases~!2009-08-24~!2009-09-11~!2010-03-09~!

Uzal¹,

Vidal²,

McClane³

et al. 2010

TOTNJ

133

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Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic rod that is classified into 5 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, and E) according to the production of 4 major toxins, namely alpha (CPA), beta (CPB), epsilon (ETX) and iota (ITX). However, this microorganism can produce up to 16 toxins in various combinations, including lethal toxins such as perfringolysin O (PFO), enterotoxin (CPE), and beta2 toxin (CPB2). Most diseases caused by this microorganism are mediated by one or more of these toxins. The role of CPA in intestinal disease of mammals is controversial and poorly documented, but there is no doubt that this toxin is essential in the production of gas gangrene of humans and several animal species. CPB produced by C. perfringens types B and C is responsible for necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia mainly in neonatal individuals of several animal species. ETX produced by C. perfringens type D is responsible for clinical signs and lesions of enterotoxemia, a predominantly neurological disease of sheep and goats. The role of ITX in disease of animals is poorly understood, although it is usually assumed that the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases produced by C. perfringens type E is mediated by this toxin. CPB2, a necrotizing and lethal toxin that can be produced by all types of C. perfringens, has been blamed for disease in many animal species, but little information is currently available to sustain or rule out this claim. CPE is an important virulence factor for C. perfringens type A gastrointestinal disease in humans and dogs; however, the data implicating CPE in other animal diseases remains ambiguous. PFO does not seem to play a direct role as the main virulence factor for animal diseases, but it may have a synergistic role with CPA-mediated gangrene and ETX-mediated enterotoxemia. The recent improvement of animal models for C. perfringens infection and the use of toxin gene knock-out mutants have demonstrated the specific pathogenic role of several toxins of C. perfringens in animal disease. These research tools are helping us to establish the role ofThis is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.

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“…there are other reports that relate the pathogenicity of cpb2 expressing C. perfringens with clinical diarrhea in neonates, where piglets showed severe diarrhea, which indicates the fact that β2 toxin plays a larger role in neonatal diarrhea (WaterS et al, 2003). There are reports of β2 toxin producing C. perfringens associated with caprine enterotoxaemia (DraY, 2004; in subclinical necrotic enteritis in laying hens (aLLaart et al, 2012), hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (hUS) or enterotoxaemia in bovines (DeNNISON et al, 2005;LeBrUN et al, 2007;FerrareZI et al, 2008) and being involved in typhlocolitis or enterocolitis in equines (VILeI et al, 2005;tIMONeY et al, 2005) C. perfringens type D, that harbours the genes cpa (α toxin) and etx (ε toxin), was isolated from 9 samples during our survey. In previous instances, the association has been already reported of C. perfringens type D with clinical cases of enterotoxemia in goats (FerNaNDeZ-MIYakaWa and UZaL, 2003;GreCO et al, 2005;MIYaShIrO et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in diarrheic fecal samples of neonatal goat kids

et al. 2018

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In the present study, out of 1156 neonatal goat kids, 238 showing clinical diarrhea were used for detection of toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens, enteropathogenic E. coli (ePeC), Group a rotavirus (GarV) and Bovine coronavirus (BCV). Isolation and toxinotyping of isolates were done by multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCr) using primers for cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx and iap genes. For EPEC, isolation and identification were done using bfpa gene and SYBr green based real time PCr (qPCr). GarV and BCV were detected, by onestep rt-PCr (osrt-PCr). the incidence of C. perfringens was 15.13% with 75% isolates toxinotype a, 25% type D and 61.11% of isolates carrying the β2-toxin gene. The incidence of EPEC was 68.07% based on qPCr, whereas 21.85% were positive for GarV and 15.97% for BCV by osrt-PCr. there was mixed infection of C. perfringens and ePeC in 11.76% and 3.78% for C. perfringens and GarV and 2.1% of C. perfringens and BCV. ePeC and GarV was 19.74% and ePeC plus BCV positivity was 11.34%. GarV and BCV was 5.88%, and 4.20% had mixed infection of ePeC, GarV and BCV. Of the total diarrheic kids sampled, 0.84% had mixed infection of C. perfringens, GARV, BCV and EPEC. On the basis of the above findings, it may be concluded that isolation, multiplex PCr and real time PCr facilitated the characterization of circulating C. perfringens toxinotypes and ePeC in goats reared under semi-arid conditions. the importance of enteritis caused by GarV and BCV and their role in mixed infection in goats requires extensive screening and pathogenicity studies to associate the symptoms with disease.

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Comparison of the odds of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major toxins by Clostridium perfringens obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome or left-displaced abomasum

Abstract: C. perfringens type A and type A + beta2 can be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract with significantly greater odds in cattle with HBS than in herdmates with LDA. Alpha and beta2 toxins were detected in samples from cows with HBS but not from cows with LDA.

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Cattle enterotoxaemia andClostridium perfringens: description, diagnosis and prophylaxis

Cattle enterotoxaemia andClostridium perfringens: description, diagnosis and prophylaxis

Clostridium Perfringens Toxins Involved in Mammalian Veterinary Diseases~!2009-08-24~!2009-09-11~!2010-03-09~!

Molecular detection of Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, rotavirus and coronavirus in diarrheic fecal samples of neonatal goat kids

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