Comparison of the performance of analytical methods based on solid-phase extraction and on solid-phase microextraction for the determination of antifouling booster biocides in natural waters

Abstract

SummaryAnalytical procedures based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) have been compared for the determination of four organic booster biocides used in marine antifouhng paints (irgarol 1051, dichlofluanid, chlorothalonil, and sea-nine 211). Both techniques were coupled with gas chromatography with electron-capture, flame-thermionic, and mass-spectrometric detection. Recovery studies in spiked samples of water of different origin (distilled, lake, river, and sea water) demonstrated that Irgaro11051, sea nine 211, and chlorothalonil were extracted efficiently (recovery > 75%) with Cls and SDB disks whereas extraction of dichlofluanid was moderate or insufficient (< 65%). With AC disks careful extraction procedures are needed for efficient extraction of dichlofluanid, sea-nine 211, and irgaro11051; chlorothalonil was difficult to desorb (recovery < 60%). In SPME both fibers could be used to extract all the biocides with relatively high recoveries (65 -118%). SPME is a more efficient multiresidue technique for the tested biocides than SPE, which requires the use of different adsorbents for determination of biocides. Very low limits of detection (0.4-20 ng L 1) can be achieved with both SPE and SPME under optimized conditions, and their potential for trace-level screening of natural waters for antifouhng biocides is demonstrated. The methods were applied to the analysis of the antifouhng biocides in samples of sea water from Greek marinas.

Three-phase hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with HPLC-UV for the determination of isothiazolinone biocides in adhesives used for food packaging materials

“…The slight differences in the data could be attributed to the retention of part of the biocides by the precipitated polymer when the adhesive polymer is precipitated with acetonitrile and by the more exhaustive extraction conditions of the three‐phase HF‐LPME method. The samples exhibited concentrations of isothiazolones in adhesives higher than those found in cosmetic products (soaps, creams) for direct use on the skin and body, whose values ranged from 1 to 15 μg/g, and well above the values found in water and wastewater sludge . The values found in this study are of the same order of magnitude as those reported in adhesives used in wallpaper with 4.4–10.4 μg/g for MIT and 13.7–26.5 μg/g for CMIT.…”

“…There are several analytical techniques available for sample preparation and the determination of isothiazolinone biocides in applications such as pharmaceuticals , adhesives , water , and wastewater . However, the most conventional techniques are tedious procedures that imply a high amount of solvent and provide high LODs.…”

Comparison of Different Pretreatments for Analysis of Organic Components by GC in Landfill Leachate

“…Compare with LLE, SPE pretreatments has more peak number, and has bigger integral areas.Moreover, SPE method is solvent-free, sensitive and requires only very small amounts of samples for analysis [6][7]. SPE was a feasibleanalysis method for pretreatments for analysis of organic components in Landfill Leachat.…”

Determination of the pesticides considered as endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs) by solid‐phase extraction followed by gas chromatography with electron capture and mass spectrometric detection

“…In this study, SDB and C18 (octadecyl) extraction disks were selected for the evaluation of extraction efficiency of the selected EDCs. SDB disks were selected as an alternative adsorbent to C18, containing binding sites with different mechanisms of adsorption, e. g., ion exchange, dispersion, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding [38]. The results obtained are shown in Fig.…”