Comparison of the prevalence of islet autoantibodies according to age and disease duration in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

PurposeThis study investigated the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in children and adults with T1DM according to their age and the duration of disease.MethodsWe measured the levels of islet autoantibodies, including antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD Ab), and combined these with anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests of 137 patients newly diagnosed with T1DM during the last 20 years. The subjects were subdivided into four groups according to their age at the onset of the disease. We then compared the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in the different age groups with the duration of disease.ResultsAmong the 137 patients, 68.9% tested positive for islet autoantibodies (71.4% within 1 year; 67.7% after 1 year of the disease onset). Within 1 year of the onset of the disease, 66.3% of the patients were positive for the anti-GAD Ab, and 35.6% were positive for IAAs. The prevalence of islet autoantibodies was significantly higher in the prepubertal groups than in the postpubertal groups (80.0% vs. 58.3%). The rate of positive islet autoantibodies changed with the duration of disease, and it differed according to the type of autoantibody and the age of the patient.ConclusionThe rates of positive islet autoantibodies were significantly higher in younger than in older patients at the time of the diagnosis of the disease. The positive rates were significantly changed 1 year after the onset of the disease in the preschool and the children groups. So these findings suggest that we need to diagnose type 1B diabetes distinguished T2DM in aldolescent group, carefully.

Prevalence of Beta-Cell, Thyroid and Celiac Autoimmunity in North Indian Children with Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

“…The higher prevalence in our study and the previous Indian studies could be due to the inclusion of patients with a recent onset of disease [8]. Frequency of pancreatic autoantibodies decreases with disease duration [16]. Conversely, thyroid autoimmunity is detected in about 29% of patients during first year of onset of T1D but its prevalence increases with disease duration [2,17].…”

Increased Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells in Iranian Children with Type I Diabetes

“…8 However, the antibody titer levels might be decrease as the disease progresses. 29 In our study eighty percent of patients were ICA positive while 45% of patients were anti-GAD positive. Consistent with our result, ICA are observed in 70% to 80% of individuals with new-onset T1D and positivity decrease after the diagnosis of the disease.…”

“…15 Type1 diabetes is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies to a variety of islet cell antigens including GAD and ICA. 29 These autoantibodies are strongly associated with development of the disease and serve to diagnose and predict the later development of T1D. 8 However, the antibody titer levels might be decrease as the disease progresses.…”

Diagnostic accuracy of the anti‐glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Comparison between radioimmunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay

“…Further studies on epitope mapping of anti‐GAD antibodies would resolve these issues. The reason why the duration of diabetes was shorter in group 1 than in group 4 might be due to the anti‐GAD antibody more likely becoming negative in some patients as the duration of diabetes increases.…”