Comparison of the Quaternary travertine sites in the Denizli extensional basin based on their depositional and geochemical data

Özkul, Mehmet; Kele, Sándor; Gökgöz, Ali; Shen, Chuan‐Chou; Jones, Brian; Baykara, Mehmet Oruç; Fórizs, István; Németh, Tibor; Chang, Yu‐Wei; Alçiçek, Mehmet Cihat

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2013.05.018

Cited by 137 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…Stable isotope signatures of spring carbonates and vein formation have the potential of yielding information on their origin (Arenas-Abad et al, 2010;Özkul et al, 2013;Pentecost, 2005;Uysal et al, 2011). In order to evaluate the origin of the carbonate veins in the fracture network of the Baltaşı travertine mass, stable isotope analyses of 12 vein samples were performed at the IGGR-HAS (Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences).…”

Section: Stable Isotope Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first one is a NW-trending travertine fissure ridge (Figure 10(a) and (b)) that is developed along an X-fracture (Figure 8(c)) situated on a pressure ridge of the KBS (Figure 8(a) and (b)). The bedded travertines diping away on both flanks of the fissure ridge (Figure 10(c)) are dominated by crystalline crust travertine layers (Guo & Riding, 1998;Özkul et al, 2013, 2014. In some cases, the bedded travertines include detrital intercalations that are formed of coarse-grained and angular clasts up to 30 cm long (Figure 10(d)) that were derived from the marble bedrock.…”

Section: Elmalı Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in both extensional and strike-slip tectonic settings, prerequsite parameters for travertine precipitation are: (1) a fracture system in permeable bedrocks that alllow fluids to circulate and (2) overpressured hydrothermal waters rich in CO 2 and bicarbonate. Fractures and faults in the carbonate bedrocks are natural pathways that allow meteoric waters to descend into the subsurface and hydrothermal fluids to come up to the surface (Dilsiz, 2006;Minissale et al, 2002;Özkul et al, 2013). Gas and fluid discharge and accompanying travertine precipitation in some places along the EAFS were reported from a few localities (e.g.…”

Section: Extensional Tectonics Versus Strike-slip Tectonics In Terms mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tectonically active regions, vein formation is widespread and are associated with fluid circulation and fault reactivation (De Filippis et al, 2012;Özkul et al, 2013;Uysal et al, 2009Uysal et al, , 2011Verhaert et al, 2004).…”

Section: Hydrothermal and Non-hydrothermal Fracturefilling Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of studies on these precipitates (e.g. Andrews, 2006;Hancock, Chalmers, Altunel, & Çakir, 1999;Jones & Renaut, 2010;Mesci, 2004Mesci, , 2013Özkul, Gökgöz, & Horvatinčić, 2010;Özkul et al, 2013, 2014Pedley, 2009;Uysal et al, 2007Uysal et al, , 2009). Although there is little consensus on the use of the terms travertine and tufa (Capezzuoli, Gandin, & Pedley, 2014;Jones & Renaut, 2010), tufa is herein considered to be a product of CaCO 3 precipitation from cool (near ambient temperature) water regimes that typically contain remains of micro-and macrophytes, invertebrates and bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

et al. 2015

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The Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) is a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, 30 km wide and 700 km long, that is the second most important neotectonic structure of Turkey. In this study, relationship between travertine precipitation and tectonic activity of some segments along this major strike-slip fault zone has been investigated by a multidisciplinary research. Structural, sedimentological, geochemical and geochronological studies were conducted on several travertine occurrences along the Karlıova-Bingöl segment (KBS) and the Adıyaman Fault Zone (AFZ) of the EAFS. The Baltaşı travertine mass on the AFZ was cross-cut by many extensional fractures that were filled by calcite veins. Geochemical analyses of the calcite veins indicate that some are hydrothermal in origin, whereas others are non-hydrothermal. Hydrothermal circulation in the crust was caused intermittently by the left-lateral strike-slip movements that have oblique-to normal-slip components in both the (KBS) and the (BYS) segments. Our results suggest that, from at least 325 ka until present, tectonic activity was consistently accompanied by travertine deposition. Based on dating of the travertine occurrences in the valley of the Göynük Stream around Hacılar and Elmalı, it is concluded that the NE-trending KBS is currently still active.

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Section: Stable Isotope Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elmalı Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extensional Tectonics Versus Strike-slip Tectonics In Terms mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal and Non-hydrothermal Fracturefilling Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

et al. 2015

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Multiscale approach to (micro)porosity quantification in continental spring carbonate facies: Case study from the Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey)

Boever

Foubert

Oligschlaeger

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Carbonate spring deposits gained renewed interest as potential contributors to subsurface reservoirs and as continental archives of environmental changes. In contrast to their fabrics, petrophysical characteristics -and especially the importance of microporosity (< 1mm) -are less understood. This study presents the combination of advanced petrophysical and imaging techniques to investigate the pore network characteristics of three, common and widespread spring carbonate facies, as exposed in the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey): the extended Pond, the dipping crystalline Proximal Slope Facies and the draping Apron and Channel Facies deposits formed by encrustation of biological substrate. Integrating mercury injection capillary pressure, bulk and diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), NMR profiling and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements with microscopy and micro-computer tomography (m-CT), shows that NMR T 2 distributions systematically display a single group of micro-sized pore bodies, making up between 6 and 33% of the pore space (average NMR T 2 cut-off value: 62 ms). Micropore bodies are systematically located within cloudy crystal cores of granular and dendritic crystal textures in all facies. The investigated properties therefore do not reveal differences in micropore size or shape with respect to more or less biology-associated facies. The pore network of the travertine facies is distinctive in terms of (i) the percentage of microporosity, (ii) the connectivity of micropores with meso-to macropores, and (ii) the degree of heterogeneity at micro-and macroscale. Results show that an approach involving different NMR experiments provided the most complete view on the 3-D pore network especially when microporosity and connectivity are of interest.

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Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey

Soete

Claes

et al. 2021

The Depositional Record

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Applying an integrated methodology, including petrography, mercury injection capillary pressure, laboratory nuclear magnetic resonance and X‐ray computed tomography, on continental spring carbonate reservoir analogue samples is a prerequisite to understand plug scale porosity and permeability heterogeneities. Depending on the dominant pore type in a sample, the orientation and distribution of the pores, pore network connectivity varies from poor to excellent in these continental spring carbonates. The latter exhibit large‐scale ranges for both porosity (3%–25%) and permeability (0.004–3,675 mD). Facies classification alone proved insufficient to link porosity and permeability, due to intrafacies pore network variability. Better assessment of reservoir properties can be achieved by subdividing facies into lithotype and pore type classes. Obtained pore network data addresses the pore types, pore (throat) sizes, number of pore compartments, and allow a subdivision of the pore size distributions into unimodal, bimodal and atypical types. There is no micropore compartment present in samples with unimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions. Decoupled micropore compartments are observed in samples with bimodal mercury injection capillary pressure and nuclear magnetic resonance distributions, which show isolating calcite rims, and have limited permeabilities. The cement rims decrease the macropore connectivity and decouple the micropore compartments, which reside in micritic dendrites. The micropore compartment (r < 1 µm) is coupled with the mesopore (r = 1–15 µm) and macropore compartment (r > 15 µm) for atypical samples which lack pore‐lining calcite rims.

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Comparison of the Quaternary travertine sites in the Denizli extensional basin based on their depositional and geochemical data

Cited by 137 publications

References 77 publications

Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS), Turkey

Multiscale approach to (micro)porosity quantification in continental spring carbonate facies: Case study from the Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey)

Unravelling the pore network and its behaviour: An integrated NMR, MICP, XCT and petrographical study of continental spring carbonates from the Ballık area, SW Turkey

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