Comparison of the Serum Metabolic Fingerprint of Different Exercise Modes in Men with and without Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Exercise plays a beneficial role in the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Metabolomics can provide new insights and facilitate the optimization of exercise prescription. This study aimed to investigate whether the response of the human serum metabolic fingerprint to exercise depends on exercise mode or the presence of MetS. Twenty-three sedentary men (nine with MetS and fourteen healthy) completed four trials: Resting, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME), and resistance exercise (RE). Blood samples were collected pre-exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 h post-exercise for targeted metabolomic analysis in serum by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Time exerted the strongest differentiating effect, followed by exercise mode. The largest changes from baseline were found in the immediate post-exercise samples. RE caused the strongest responses overall, followed by HIIE, while CME had minimal effect. Unlike previous results in urine, no valid model could separate the two groups in serum. Exercise exerted a beneficial effect on prominent serum biomarkers of metabolic risks, such as branched-chain amino acids, alanine, acetylcarnitine, choline, and betaine. These findings contribute to the ongoing research efforts to map the molecular responses to exercise and to optimize exercise guidelines for individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Metabolite Shifts Induced by Marathon Race Competition Differ between Athletes Based on Level of Fitness and Performance: A Substudy of the Enzy-MagIC Study

“…At lower exercise intensities (50%-60% VO 2 max), fat and carbohydrate oxidation both contribute to ATP generation. At higher exercise intensities (>60% VO 2 max), glycolysis is enhanced, with acidosis, a decrease in free Coenzyme A (CoA) and free carnitine, and accumulation of acetyl-CoA [19,20]. The data from our study showed log2-fold increases of 1.5 and 1.7 for the C2/C0 ratio, which might reflect activity of the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT).…”

An NMR-Based Approach to Identify Urinary Metabolites Associated with Acute Physical Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Humans—Results of the KarMeN Study

“…Until now, several studies have examined both the acute [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] and chronic [30][31][32][33][34][35] effects of exercise on the human metabolome by using metabolomics. Although blood represents the most widely used biofluid in metabolomics research [15], recent publications have demonstrated the ability of urine as a non-invasive biological material to reflect acute exercise-induced perturbations in metabolism, e.g., after short-term exercise at maximal intensities [21,22,27] or submaximal endurance exercise [26,29].…”

Moderate, Rather Than Vigorous Exercise Benefits Plasma Amino Acids Profile in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…week standardized exercise program [22]. We hypothesized at rst that high intensity exercise could largely change AAs concentrations, since a recent reported monitored that the strongest response of serum metabolic ngerprint was seen after resistance exercise, followed by high-intensity interval exercise, while effect of continuous moderate-intensity exercise was weak in men with metabolic syndrome [28]. However, the results in our work indicated that 6 moth moderate exercise seemed more e cient on AAs metabolism improvement in a con ict with prior study, especially on BCAAs decreasing.…”