Comparison of the stratum corneum thickness measured <i>in vivo</i> with confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal reflectance microscopy

Böhling, Arne; Bielfeldt, S.; Himmelmann, A.; Keskin, Mahmut; Wilhelm, Klaus‐Peter

doi:10.1111/srt.12082

Cited by 76 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The SC was divided into three equally spaced compartments (22), and the change in water content within each SC compartment was calculated according to the area under the curve (AUC) (20). In addition, the water gradient (slope of water increase) from outer to inner SC and SC thickness were calculated (20,21).…”

Section: Subjects and Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raman spectroscopy, an established noninvasive method (18,19), was used to evaluate the change in water distribution within the SC after a single application of NTP-CE. Approximately 10 water profile measurements were performed in the center of each test area per assessment time as described before (20,21), thereby investigating the skin down to a depth of about 30 lm. The SC was divided into three equally spaced compartments (22), and the change in water content within each SC compartment was calculated according to the area under the curve (AUC) (20).…”

Section: Subjects and Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: skin-moisturizing effect following single and prolonged usage in healthy adults, and tolerability in healthy infants

Stettler

Wagner³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dermatological Treatment

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Purpose: Two studies were conducted with a new topical panthenol-containing emollient (NTP-CE) to investigate the skin-moisturizing effect in healthy adults and tolerability in healthy infants. Methods: In Study 1 (N ¼ 44), a single skin application of NTP-CE was performed followed by a 4-week twice-daily application. Skin hydration and stratum corneum (SC) water content change (using Raman spectroscopy) were measured. In the 4-week Study 2 (N ¼ 65, aged 3-25 months), NTP-CE tolerability was assessed using a 5-point scoring system; skin hydration was determined in a subset (N ¼ 21). Results: In Study 1, mean AUC 0 À 24 h for skin capacitance change from baseline was 302.03 i.u. with NTP-CE and À15.90 i.u. in control areas (p < .001). With NTP-CE (at 4 h), the water content within the upper SC part was reduced (À45.10 vs. À13.39 g/cm 2 , p ¼ .013) and the water gradient increased (0.51 vs. 0.11 g/ cm 4 , p ¼ .036), indicating relocation of water into deeper layers. In Study 2, there was no statistically significant change from baseline in mean cutaneous tolerability scores. At days 7, 14, and 28, skin hydration had increased by 42%, 54%, and 49%, respectively (all p < .001). Conclusions: Single and prolonged NTP-CE usage is associated with sustained and deep skin moisturization. NTP-CE is well tolerated by healthy infants. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Subjects and Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subjects and Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: skin-moisturizing effect following single and prolonged usage in healthy adults, and tolerability in healthy infants

Stettler

Wagner³

et al. 2016

Journal of Dermatological Treatment

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“…The white spots in (c) and Typically, LPs of the SC in broad area are related to skin barrier function. In addition to OCT methods, a-TT of the SC was indirectly verified via z-axial population of water content by confocal Raman spectroscopy [13,16] or was directly measured by multiphoton laser tomography [17,18]. For confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal reflectance microscope [16], they both need the database of a-NOLs from frozen section [19] to verify the a-CLT of SC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-depth epidermis tomography using a Mirau-based full-field optical coherence tomography

Tsai

Chang

Hsu

et al. 2014

Biomed. Opt. Express

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With a Gaussian-like broadband light source from high brightness Ce 3+ :YAG single-clad crystal fiber, a full-field optical coherence tomography using a home-designed Mirau objective realized high quality images of in vivo and excised skin tissues. With a 40 × silicone-oilimmersion Mirau objective, the achieved spatial resolutions in axial and lateral directions were 0.9 and 0.51 μm, respectively. Such a high spatial resolution enables the separation of lamellar structure of the full epidermis in both the cross-sectional and en face planes. The number of layers of stratum corneum and its thickness were quantitatively measured. This label free and non-invasive optical probe could be useful for evaluating the water barrier of skin tissue in clinics. As a preliminary in vivo experiment, the blood vessel in dermis was also observed, and the flowing of the red blood cells and location of the melanocyte were traced.

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“…SC thickness on human forearm, palm, cheek and lower leg were also studied to determine by using two non-invasive measuring techniques namely, confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, to measure SC thickness which were then compared to the thickness in literature data. It was found that it was possible to accurately measure the SC thickness with both techniques (Bohling et al, 2013).…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microneedles for drug delivery: trends and progress

2014

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In recent years, there has been a surge in the research and development of microneedles (MNs), a transdermal delivery system that combines the technology of transdermal patches and hypodermic needles. The needles are in the hundreds of micron length range and therefore allow relatively little or no pain. For example, biodegradable MNs have been researched in the literature and have several advantages compared with solid or hollow MNs, as they produce non-sharp waste and can be designed to allow rapid or slow release of drugs. However, they also pose a disadvantage as successful insertion into the stratum corneum layer of the skin relies on sufficient mechanical strength of the biodegradable material. This review looks at the various technologies developed in MN research and shows the rapidly growing numbers of research papers and patent publications since the first invention of MNs (using time series statistical analysis). This provides the research and industry communities a valuable synopsis of the trends and progress being made in this field.

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Comparison of the stratum corneum thickness measured in vivo with confocal Raman spectroscopy and confocal reflectance microscopy

Cited by 76 publications

References 19 publications

A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: skin-moisturizing effect following single and prolonged usage in healthy adults, and tolerability in healthy infants

A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: skin-moisturizing effect following single and prolonged usage in healthy adults, and tolerability in healthy infants

Full-depth epidermis tomography using a Mirau-based full-field optical coherence tomography

Microneedles for drug delivery: trends and progress

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