Comparison of the structural and optical properties of zinc oxide thin films deposited by d.c. and r.f. sputtering and spray pyrolysis

Characterization of sprayed TiO2 on ITO substrates for solar cell applications

“…At 475°C, the intensity of anatase peak is decreased with the appearance of rutile peak of (1 1 0) plane. The decrease in anatase peak with the formation of rutile peak is due to movement of the atoms to their stable sites which lead to the structural re-orientation [18].…”

Isothermal crystallization kinetic of ZnO thin films

“…The stress was calculated from the shift of (0 0 2) peak position in XDR diffraction pattern. Detailed calculations were previously reported [39]. On the other hand, it is well known that grain boundary increases the total energy of the material, and small grain size has a greater boundary area per unit volume [40].…”

An Attempt to Optimize ZnO-Like TCO Nanolayered Compound Thickness in Terms of a BPES-Related Physical Parameters Pondering

“…Recently, several nanolayered transparent conducting oxides TCO have been investigated [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] for their interesting optical, mechanical, and electrical performance and besides all their high optical transparence in the visible domain. Commonly, these oxides could be synthesized using several methods [21,22] like reactive evaporation, electron beam evaporation (EBE), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), sol-gel coating, and chemical spray pyrolysis.…”