Comparison of the wood anatomy and fibers derived from Indonesian Toona sinensis Roem. and Toona sureni Merr

Abstract

In terms of their anatomy, there is confusion in differentiating between Toona sinensis (Juss.) Roem. and Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. In order to validate the identification of both species, reconfirmation of the primary character differences is required. The objectives of this study are the reconfirmation of the anatomical properties to confirm their differences and the evaluation of the fiber morphology in terms of pulp and paper raw material quality. The results show that there were differences in the gross physical features of the bark and the color of the wood. The wood color of T. sinensis is red-brown and darker, while T. sureni is white-yellow, leading to the nomenclature red and white surian, respectively. An anatomical view of T. sinensis shows that the annual growth ring has indistinct boundaries as a primary distinguishing anatomical feature, while T. sureni shows that the annual growth ring boundaries are distinct. The annual growth ring allows the establishment of intra-annual past and present structure-function relationships as well as its sensitivity to environmental variability. Based on the results, both species have different anatomical properties, and both species are suitable to be used as a raw material for pulp and paper production.

Indonesian Toona Breeding Strategy: Comprehensive Review and the Application Status

“…The evaluation of breeding program for T. sinensis has successfully achieved the following: (1) establishment of the first generation of T. sinensis breeding to enhance productivity through the improvement of height, stem diameter, and volume, (2) mastery of base biology on aspects of phenology and reproduction, (3) identification of genetic material sources from community forest stands, strategically selected from diverse populations and geographic origins, (4) exploration of alternative species, Toona sureni Merr. [8,14] known for its woodworking properties and in line with the Meliaceae family, (5) availability of seedling sources for progeny testing, (6) implementation of genetic testing through multi-site progeny testing, (7) execution of field operations and research activities in several test plots, (8) strong organizational commitment with research and development tasks, and (9) adherence to a program that combines economic value traits with the management of a broad genetic base, facilitating adaptation and development. Compliance with these base principles shows their level of fulfillment, providing a basis for establishing a breeding program for T. sinensis.…”

“…Indonesia has natural populations of Toona sinensis & Toona sureni that have potential for hybrid programs. Initial identification of physical & anatomical properties of both Toona species has also been carried out [14]. The creation of hybrids promises variety and new breeding opportunities for traits produced by hybrids.…”

Anatomical properties of branches and twigs mangrove woods

“…The sample has a low inter-fiber bond so that it affects the folding, tensile and breaking strength of the paper [26]. The value of FP required for good quality paper with fiber as raw material from hard wood is 40-60 [27]. Fibers of A. marina, twigs and branches of R. apiculata had FP values > 40.…”

Macroscopic and microscopic diagnosis of three Entandrophragma species traded in Türkiye

“…Numerous publications in the world have comparatively examined the anatomy of similar tropical woods (Gasson 2010;Sint et al 2013;Hidayat et al 2017;Uetimane et al 2018;Nobre et al 2019;Jayusman and Hakim 2021;Siam et al 2022;Sandratriniaina et al 2022;Kim et al 2023). The basic quantitative and qualitative wood description of Entandrophragma has been described by several researchers (Panshin 1933;Ayensu and Bentum 1974;Wiemann 1994;Rufinatto and Crivellaro 2019;Richter and Dallwitz 2000;Inside Wood 2022).…”