Comparison of THMs and HANs formation potential from the chlorination of free and combined histidine and glycine

Li, Changjun; Gao, Naiyun; Chu, Wenhai; Bond, Tom; Wei, Xingya

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.110

Cited by 35 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…L-histidine chlorine demand was estimated at 10 mol/mol after 170 hr of reaction, which is slightly lower than the 12 mol/mol reported by Hureiki et al (1994) and slightly higher than the 8 mol/mol measured by Li and Blatchley (2007) and Li et al (2017). The 6 mol/mol reported here for creatinine chlorine demand are higher than the value of 2 mol/mol reported by Tachikawa et al (2005) and Li and Blatchle (2007).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptcontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t Ammonia or one of its chlorination by-products may accelerate the DCAN formation during the L-histidine chlorination. The mechanism proposed previously (Li et al, 2017;Li and Blatchley, 2007;Liu et al, 2017) does not allow to explain the role of ammonia. This point should be further investigated to build a kinetic model explaining these differences of reactivity.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Creatinine and L-histidine have been less studied but chlorination mechanisms have been proposed in the literature. The formation of chloroform and dichloroacetonitrile by L-histidine chlorination as well as the methylamine formation by creatinine chlorination have been explained (Li et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017;Tachikawa et al, 2005). Finally, only few have focused on citric, uric and hippuric acids.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amino-acids generally form high quantities of DCAN because of the amine group which facilitates the decarboxylation step leading to the formation of the nitrile group (Shah and Mitch, 2012;Trehy et al, 1986). Note that combined amino-acids derived from the condensation of two or more amino-acids, were proven to produce lower amounts of DCAN A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t than free amino-acids, while having a lower molar chlorine demand (Hureiki et al, 1994;Li et al, 2017). In the case of combined amino-acids, the nitrogen is indeed engaged into an amide bound, making it less available for the decarboxylation reaction.…”

Section: Dcan Formation From L-histidine Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, their rate constants were directly included in the model to take this degradation into account. Li et al (2017) proposed a chlorination mechanism of L-histidine explaining the formation of both DCAN and TCM. This mechanism was considered for kinetic rate fitting (Appendix A S4).…”

Section: Dcan Formation From L-histidine Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body fluid analog chlorination: Application to the determination of disinfection byproduct formation kinetics in swimming pool water

Tsamba

Cimetière

Wolbert

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed in swimming pools by the reactions of bather inputs with the disinfectant. Although a wide range of molecules has been identified within DBPs, only few kinetic rates have been reported. This study investigates the kinetics of chlorine consumption, chloroform formation and dichloroacetonitrile formation caused by human releases. Since the flux and main components of human inputs have been determined and formalized through Body Fluid Analogs (BFAs), it is possible to model the DBPs formation kinetics by studying a limited number of precursor molecules. For each parameter the individual contributions of BFA components have been quantified and kinetic rates have been determined, based on reaction mechanisms proposed in the literature. With a molar consumption of 4 mol Cl2/mol, urea is confirmed as the major chlorine consumer in the BFA because of its high concentration in human releases. The higher reactivity of ammonia is however highlighted. Citric acid is responsible for most of the chloroform produced during BFA chlorination. Chloroform formation is relatively slow with a limiting rate constant determined at 5.50×10-3 L/mol/sec. L-histidine is the only precursor for dichloroacetonitrile in the BFA. This DBP is rapidly formed and its degradation by hydrolysis and by reaction with hypochlorite shortens its lifetime in the basin. Reaction rates of dichloroacetonitrile formation by L-histidine chlorination have been established based on the latest chlorination mechanisms proposed.

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