Comparison of Three Baseball-Specific Six-Week Training Programs on Throwing Velocity in High School Baseball Players

Escamilla, Rafael F.; Ionno, Michele; deMahy, Scott; Fleisig, Glenn S.; Wilk, Kevin E.; Yamashiro, Kyle; Paulos, Lonnie E.; Andrews, James R.

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000402330.94220.56

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Our results underline a close relationship between speed and strength in specific movement patterns in trained individuals (Koźlenia et al, 2020), and might be explained by high threshold neural drive stimulation created by resistance training. Our findings also follow the recommendations from a previous meta-analysis (Behm et al, 2017) and the Keiser cable system, which have been suggested to be effective in non-elite baseball, soccer, and handball (Escamilla et al, 2011;Markovic et al, 2008;Szymanski, 2012). Using PAPE protocols in handball players was an effective strategy for lower limb power development (Dello Iacono et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, other methods, such as sprint intervals or circuit training, can also improve throwing speed, supporting or preceding resistance training. From the point of view of throwing velocity development, we could not find studies with training focusing on intensity contrast (such as postactivation performance enhancement, PAPE), complex and ballistic methods, or specific resistance training methods using, e.g., dumbbells and the Keiser cable system, which have been suggested to be effective in non-elite baseball, soccer, and handball ( Escamilla et al, 2011 ; Markovic et al, 2008 ; Szymanski, 2012 ). Using PAPE protocols in handball players was an effective strategy for lower limb power development ( Dello Iacono et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of throwing velocity must be based on a stable throwing technique and progressive development of strength, power, and speed ( Cherif et al, 2016 ; Marques et al, 2007 ), which should be in line with fine motor control ( Wagner et al, 2011 ). Therefore, various methods, such as heavy ball throws, light ball throws, plyometrics, and complex contrast training, are applied in sports practice ( Escamilla et al, 2011 ; Szymanski, 2012 ). Each method can improve throwing velocity, especially for an athlete who does not reach a performance plateau.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditioning Strategies for Improving Handball Throwing Velocity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Petruzela¹,

Papla²,

Šťastný³

2023

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Ball throwing velocity is essential for scoring goals in handball; the crucial question is how to develop throwing velocity in highly trained handball players. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarize effective conditioning strategies to improve throwing velocity in elite male players and to perform a meta-analysis on which training system can provide the highest increase in throwing velocity. The literature was analyzed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Thirteen studies (sample n = 174) were included: five resistance training studies, one core training study, one study on repeated shuffle sprint training with small-sided games, and one on eccentric overload training. Effect size comparison showed that resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players (d > 0.7). Core training showed a small effect (d = 0.35). Small-sided game (SSG) training showed different results, from a significant positive effect (d = 1.95) to a negative effect (d = –2.03), and eccentric overload training showed a negative effect (d = –0.15). Resistance training is the most effective strategy for improving throwing velocity in elite handball players, while core training and SSGs can improve throwing velocity in youth athletes. Due to the small number of studies focusing on elite handball players, there is a need for more studies on advanced resistance training methods, e.g., contrast, complex, ballistic training, because much greater demands are placed on handball performance assumptions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditioning Strategies for Improving Handball Throwing Velocity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Petruzela¹,

Papla²,

Šťastný³

2023

Journal of Human Kinetics

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“…Recently, a 6-week training program utilizing the Thrower's Ten program resulted in a 2-mph increase in throwing velocity in high school baseball pitchers. 31 Neuromuscular control exercises are initiated in this phase to enhance the muscles' ability to control the elbow joint during athletic activities. A decrease in neuromuscular control has also been associated with muscular fatigue.…”

Section: Phase 2: Intermediatementioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete’s Elbow

Wilk

Macrina

Cain

et al. 2012

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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The activities required during overhead sports, particularly during baseball pitching, produce large forces at the elbow joint. Injuries to the elbow joint frequently occur in the overhead athlete because of the large amount of forces observed during the act of throwing, playing tennis, or playing golf. Injuries may result because of repetitive overuse, leading to tissue failure. Rehabilitation following injury or surgery to the throwing elbow is vital to fully restore normal function and return the athlete to competition as quickly and safely as possible. Rehabilitation of the elbow, whether following injury or postsurgical, must follow a progressive and sequential order, building on the previous phase, to ensure that healing tissues are not compromised. Emphasis is placed on restoring full motion, muscular strength, and neuromuscular control while gradually applying loads to healing tissue. In addition, when one is creating a rehabilitation plan for athletes, it is imperative to treat the entire upper extremity, core, and legs to create and dissipate the forces generated at each joint.

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The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: A New Exercise Series for Enhanced Dynamic Shoulder Control in the Overhead Throwing Athlete

Wilk

Yenchak

Arrigo³

et al. 2011

The Physician and Sportsmedicine

107

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The overhead throwing motion is a high-velocity, extremely stressful athletic movement. Its repetitive nature places tremendous demands on the entire body, frequently resulting in injury to the throwing shoulder. Such injuries, whether managed nonoperatively or surgically, require a multiphased approach beginning with exercises to restore muscular strength and proprioception, and advancing to more demanding exercises to improve power, endurance, and dynamic control. This article presents a new and innovative approach to the rehabilitation of the overhead throwing athlete, The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program. This expanded program incorporates throwing motion-specific exercises and movement patterns performed in a discrete series, utilizing principles of coactivation, high-level neuromuscular control, dynamic stabilization, muscular facilitation, strength, endurance, and coordination, which all serve to restore muscle balance and symmetry in the overhead throwing athlete. This program is a continuation of the Throwers Ten Exercise Program, which has been utilized with excellent results in clinical practice and in athletic performance training. This unique combination of advanced exercise techniques bridges the gap between rehabilitation and training, facilitating a kinetic linking of the upper and lower extremities and providing a higher level of humeral head control necessary for the overhead throwing athlete's symptom-free return to sports.

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Comparison of Three Baseball-Specific Six-Week Training Programs on Throwing Velocity in High School Baseball Players

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Conditioning Strategies for Improving Handball Throwing Velocity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Conditioning Strategies for Improving Handball Throwing Velocity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete’s Elbow

The Advanced Throwers Ten Exercise Program: A New Exercise Series for Enhanced Dynamic Shoulder Control in the Overhead Throwing Athlete

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