Comparison of Trichothecene Biosynthetic Gene Expression between Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium asiaticum

Abstract

Nivalenol (NIV) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are predominant Fusarium-producing mycotoxins found in grains, which are mainly produced by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. NIV is found in most of cereals grown in Korea, but the genetic basis for NIV production by F. asiaticum has not been extensively explored. In this study, 12 genes belonging to the trichothecene biosynthetic gene cluster were compared at the transcriptional level between two NIV-producing F. asiaticum and four DON-producing F. graminearum strains. Chemical analysis revealed that time-course toxin production patterns over 14 days did not differ between NIV and DON strains, excluding F. asiaticum R308, which was a low NIV producer. Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Northern analysis revealed that the majority of TRI gene transcripts peaked at day 2 in both NIV and DON producers, which is 2 days earlier than trichothecene accumulation in liquid medium. Comparison of the gene expression profiles identified an NIV-specific pattern in two transcription factor-encoding TRI genes (TRI6 and TRI10) and TRI101, which showed two gene expression peaks during both the early and late incubation periods. In addition, the amount of trichothecenes produced by both DON and NIV producers were correlated with the expression levels of TRI genes, regardless of the trichothecene chemotypes. Therefore, the reduced production of NIV by R308 compared to NIV or DON by the other strains may be attributable to the significantly lower expression levels of the TRI genes, which showed early expression patterns.

trans-Cinnamic and Chlorogenic Acids Affect the Secondary Metabolic Profiles and Ergosterol Biosynthesis by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum Sensu Stricto

“…The effect of both trans -cinnamic and chlorogenic acids on gene expression was evaluated by the quantification of Tri transcripts of Tri4 , Tri5 , and Tri10 genes on day three of incubation ( Table 1 ). The highest abundance of transcripts was observed for Tri4 , followed by Tri5 and Tri10 genes for all examined strains (data not shown), which is in agreement with the previously examined expression patterns of Tri genes [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Tri5 encodes a terpene cyclase which converts farnesyl pyrophosphate to trichodiene, the hydrocarbon precursor of trichothecenes.…”

Chitosan Hydrochloride Decreases Fusarium graminearum Growth and Virulence and Boosts Growth, Development and Systemic Acquired Resistance in Two Durum Wheat Genotypes

“…The amplicons were visualized on 1.5% agarose gel. Table S3 shows the list of target genes, accession numbers, their functions, the corresponding primer pairs, and their references used to perform the RT- q PCR [ 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ]. The efficiency of the RT- q PCR amplification (E) was determined for each primer pair as follows: Five 1:10 serial dilutions (1:1-1:10,000) were obtained for each cDNA and amplified in four replicates.…”

Comparative Analysis of Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis Related Gene Expression among Different Chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum in Spring Wheat

“…A total of nine genes ( TRI4 , TRI5 , TRI6 , TRI3 , TRI8 , TRI101 , TRI9 , TRI12 and FPP ) in the DON biosynthetic pathway were examined using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The level of expression of each gene was analyzed using a set of gene specific primers as described by Lee et al (2014) . As a house-keeping gene, translation elongation factor 1 alpha ( EF-1α ) from F. graminearum was selected ( Kim and Yun, 2011 ).…”

“… Zhang et al (2009) examined the expression of the TRI5 gene between carbendazim-resistant and sensitive F. graminearum in shake culture and reported a significant exponential relationship between trichothecene production and TRI5 gene expression. More recently Lee et al (2014) compared the expression of TRI cluster genes in DON vs. NIV producing F. graminearum strains in liquid cultures. No study has been done to compare the level of expression of TRI genes in different chemotypes of F. graminearum during wheat colonization.…”