Comparison of two hard keratinous substrates submitted to the action of a keratinase using an experimental design

Vignardet, C; Guillaume, Yves-Claude; Michel, Laura; Friedrich, Jožica; Millet, J.

doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00749-9

Cited by 38 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The breakdown of disulfide bonds may change the conformation of feather keratin to provide easier access to proteolytic cleavage sites, consistent with the mechanism proposed by Vignardet et al (2001). The fact that the complete degradation of chicken feathers by strain CDF requires the presence of living cells implies that the cells themselves provide the reducing agents necessary for efficient sulfitolysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Degradation of intact chicken feathers by Thermoactinomyces sp. CDF and characterization of its keratinolytic protease

Wang

Cheng

Ren

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Thermoactinomyces is known for its resistance to extreme environmental conditions and its ability to digest a wide range of hard-to-degrade compounds. Here, Thermoactinomyces sp. strain CDF isolated from soil was found to completely degrade intact chicken feathers at 55 °C, with the resulting degradation products sufficient to support growth as the primary source of both carbon and nitrogen. Although feathers were not essential for the expression of keratinase, the use of this substrate led to a further 50-300 % increase in enzyme production level under different nutrition conditions, with extracellular keratinolytic activity reaching its highest level (∼400 U/mL) during the late-log phase. Full degradation of feathers required the presence of living cells, which are thought to supply reducing agents necessary for the cleavage of keratin disulfide bonds. Direct contact between the hyphae and substrate may enhance the reducing power and protease concentrations present in the local microenvironment, thereby facilitating keratin degradation. The gene encoding the major keratinolytic protease (protease C2) of strain CDF was cloned, revealing an amino acid sequence identical to that of subtilisin-like E79 protease from Thermoactinomyces sp. E79, albeit with significant differences in the upstream flanking region. Exogenous expression of protease C2 in Escherichia coli resulted in the production of inclusion bodies with proteolytic activity, which could be solubilized to an alkaline solution to produce mature protease C2. Purified protease C2 was able to efficiently hydrolyze α- and β-keratins at 60-80 °C and pH 11.0, representing a promising candidate for enzymatic processing of hard-to-degrade proteins such as keratinous wastes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Degradation of intact chicken feathers by Thermoactinomyces sp. CDF and characterization of its keratinolytic protease

Wang

Cheng

Ren

et al. 2014

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Furthermore, among the organic compounds, 80% is made up of proteins, followed by 2.3% lipid and 3.4% carbohydrates (Arias et al, 1991;Okubo et al, 1997). Egg shell membranes are made of the insoluble protein keratin and are known to be quite resistant to physical, chemical and biological reactions, as in cases with feathers, hair, horns, scales and nails (Vignardet et al, 2001). Daniel et al (2008) found that ESM are potential ingredients for the cosmetic effects such as moisturization, wound recovery, skin growth and reducing wrinkles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Egg Shell Membrane Hydrolysates on Skin Whitening, Wound Healing, and UV-Protection

Park¹,

Yoo²,

Shin³

2012

Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources

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This study was conducted to examine the effects of egg shell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on skin whitening, wound healing, and UV-protection. ESMH was divided into three groups by molecular weight (Fraction I: above 10 kDa of ESMH, Fraction II: 3 kDa-10 kDa of ESMH, Fraction III: below 3 kDa of ESMH). As a result, all of ESMHs showed over 90% of protein contents. The wound healing experiment using HaCaT cells showed that the fraction I was slightly superior to other fractions depending on the concentration though it was not significantly different. In the experiments of inhibition of tyrosinase and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) oxidation to verify the L-DOPA whitening effect, the whole ESMH (before fractioning) showed a similar amount of inhibition effect with arbutin (control). In the inhibition of melanin formation in B16-F1 melanoma cells, the fraction I showed a high inhibitory effect. In the experiment for protecting the skin from ultraviolet rays using HaCaT cells, all the fractions showed a higher rate of cell viability than the control. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the cosmetic effects of ESMHs such as skin whitening, wound healing, and UV-protection, which were divided depending on the molecule weight. We could confirm that the possibility of ESMHs as a material for functional cosmetics.

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“…Researchers have reviewed the similarities between hoof membrane and human nail structure, that is they both are rich in keratin and release soluble protein on incubation with keratinase [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive development in experimental models of transungual drug delivery of anti‐fungal agents

Thatai

Tiwary

Sapra

2015

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisPre-clinical development comprises of different procedures that relate drug discovery in the laboratory for commencement of human clinical trials. Pre-clinical studies can be designed to recognize a lead candidate from a list to develop the procedure for scaleup, to choose the unsurpassed formulation, to determine the frequency, and duration of exposure; and eventually make the foundation of the anticipated clinical trial design. The foremost aim in the pharmaceutical research and industry is the claim of drug product quality throughout a drug's life cycle. The particulars of the pre-clinical development process for different candidates may vary; however, all have some common features. Typically in vitro, in vivo or ex vivo studies are elements of pre-clinical studies. Human pharmacokinetic in vivo studies are often supposed to serve as the 'gold standard' to assess product performance. On the other hand, when this general assumption is revisited, it appears that in vitro studies are occasionally better than in vivo studies in assessing dosage forms. The present review is compendious of different such models or approaches that can be used for designing and evalua -tion of formulations for nail delivery with special reference to antifungal agents.R esum e Le d eveloppement pr eclinique comprend des diff erentes proc edures qui se rapportent a la d ecouverte de m edicaments dans le laboratoire pour le d ebut des essais cliniques humains. Les etudes pr ecliniques peuventêtre conc ßues pour reconnaître un candidat phare a partir d'une liste pour d evelopper la proc edure de mise a l' echelle, de choisir la formulation optimale, pour d eterminer la fr equence et la dur ee de l'exposition; et finalement etablir les bases de la conception de l'essai clinique pr evu. Le but avant tout dans la recherche pharmaceutique et de l'industrie est l'affirmation de la qualit e de m edicament tout au long du cycle de vie d'un m edicament. Les d etails du processus de d eveloppement pr eclinique pour les diff erents candidats peuvent varier; cependant, tous ont des caract eristiques communes. Typiquement, les etudes in vitro, in vivo ou ex vivo sont des el ements des etudes pr ecliniques. Les etudes pharmacocin etiques humaines in vivo sont souvent cens ees servir d' « etalon or» pour evaluer la performance du produit. D'autre part, lorsque cette hypoth ese g en erale est revue, il semble que les etudes in vitro sont parfois mieux que des etudes in vivo pour evaluer les formes posologiques. La pr esente revue pr esente des diff erents modeles ou des approches qui peuventêtre utilis ees pour la conception et l' evaluation des formulations pour la livraison a l'ongle avec une attention particuli ere aux agents antifongiques.

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Comparison of two hard keratinous substrates submitted to the action of a keratinase using an experimental design

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Degradation of intact chicken feathers by Thermoactinomyces sp. CDF and characterization of its keratinolytic protease

Degradation of intact chicken feathers by Thermoactinomyces sp. CDF and characterization of its keratinolytic protease

Effects of Egg Shell Membrane Hydrolysates on Skin Whitening, Wound Healing, and UV-Protection

Progressive development in experimental models of transungual drug delivery of anti‐fungal agents

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