Comparison of two indicators of perceived egocentric distance under full-cue and reduced-cue conditions.

Philbeck, John W.; Loomis, Jack M.

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.23.1.72

Cited by 249 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…However, the ratings from the elevated parapet location at 250m are comparable to those at 100m. Judgements of distance are dependent on eye elevation with respect to the ground plane as well as the visibility of a continuous ground terrain (Philbeck & Loomis, 1997;Ooi & He, 2007). Therefore, the two stimulus conditions may not be strictly equivalent.…”

Section: -Figure 14-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Vishwanath¹

2014

Psychological Review

209

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Humans can obtain an unambiguous perception of depth and 3-dimensionality with one eye or when viewing a pictorial image of a 3-dimensional scene. However, the perception of depth when viewing a real scene with both eyes is qualitatively different: there is a vivid impression of tangible solid form and immersive negative space. This perceptual phenomenon, referred to as "stereopsis", has been among the central puzzles of perception since the time of da Vinci. After Wheatstone's invention of the stereoscope in 1838, stereopsis has conventionally been explained as a by-product of binocular vision or visual parallax. However, this explanation is challenged by the observation that the impression of stereopsis can be induced in single pictures under monocular viewing. Here I propose an alternative hypothesis that stereopsis is a qualitative visual experience related to the perception of egocentric spatial scale. Specifically, the primary phenomenal characteristic of stereopsis (the impression of 'real' separation in depth) is proposed to be linked to the precision with which egocentrically scaled depth (absolute depth) is derived. Since conscious awareness of this precision could help guide the planning of motor action, the hypothesis provides a functional account for the important phenomenal characteristic associated with stereopsis: the impression of interactability. By linking stereopsis to a generic perceptual attribute, rather than a specific cue, it provides a potentially more unified account of the variation of stereopsis in real scenes and pictures, and a basis for understanding why we can perceive depth in pictures despite conflicting visual signals. StereopsisVishwanath 3

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Section: -Figure 14-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Vishwanath¹

2014

Psychological Review

209

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“…The analyses of signed error scores showed no main e ect of group (F(2,22)=0.56, p > 0.05). Walked responses were generally numerically larger than verbal responses (F (1,22)=39.41, p < 0.0001); direct comparisons between these two response types in past work has shown them to be numerically quite similar [44], so it is possible that in the current study the walking speed manipulation and/or the requirement of holding onto another person while walking systematically in¯uenced the walked responses somewhat. However, the response mode Â group comparison, which was more critical for our purposes, was not signi®cant (F(2,22)=2.95, p > 0.05).…”

Section: Spatial Updating During Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…A striking example of human spatial updating ability on a larger scale is the accuracy with which the average observer can walk without vision to a previously-viewed target location. After viewing a target in a well-lit environment, the average observer stops very near the target's location when walking without vision, even when the target is up to 20 m or more away from the walking origin [11,17,44,51,58,62].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intact spatial updating during locomotion after right posterior parietal lesions

et al. 2000

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One function of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is to monitor and integrate sensory signals relating to the current pointing direction of the eyes. We investigated the possibility that the human PPC also contributes to spatial updating during larger-scale behaviors. Two groups of patients with brain injuries either including or excluding the right hemisphere PPC and a group of healthy subjects performed a visually-directed walking task, in which the subject views a target and then attempts to walk to it without vision. All groups walked without vision accurately and precisely to remembered targets up to 6 m away; the patient groups also performed similarly to the healthy controls when indicating egocentric distances using non-motoric responses. These results indicate that the right PPC is not critically involved in monitoring and integrating non-visual self-motion signals, at least along linear paths. In addition, visual perception of egocentric distance in multi-cue environments is immune to injury of a variety of brain areas. 7

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“…Conversely and more recently, several other researchers focused on building up an account for this internal variable (26)(27)(28)(29)(30) . The general finding was a adequate accuracy on open-loop walking (visually directed walking) toward egocentrically located targets at distances up to 15 meters (26,27) , or up to 22 meters (29) .…”

Section: Perceived Distance Measurement By Different Types Of Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual constancy in judgments of egocentric distance: prevailing binocular information

Matsushima¹,

Douchkin²,

Filho³

et al. 2003

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Binocular cues were considered the prevailing information on specifying depth since the beginning of vision research. In the present study, two perceptual responses, the classical verbal report and a more recent method, open-loop walking, were used to assess the role of binocular information for egocentric distance perception. In two cue conditions environments, full-and reduced-cue, observers judged and walked egocentric distances of stimuli presented at eye-level, under binocular or monocular viewing. Results indicated perceptual constancy for open-loop walking and binocular responses, as well as poor performances under strong degradation on visual information (reduced-cue under monocular viewing), thus presenting evidence to support the fundamental role of binocular information on perception of egocentric distances. Besides that, visually directed actions could be adequate measures of perceived distance, with a better reliability than verbal report, since they were quite free of intrusion of inferential processes and perceptual tendencies. In addition, reduced head movements, side-to-side as well as back and forth deflexion movements, could have contributed to a near perfect coupling between binocular disparity information and open-loop walking responses.

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Comparison of two indicators of perceived egocentric distance under full-cue and reduced-cue conditions.

Cited by 249 publications

References 55 publications

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Toward a new theory of stereopsis.

Intact spatial updating during locomotion after right posterior parietal lesions

Perceptual constancy in judgments of egocentric distance: prevailing binocular information

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