Comparison of two methods of near-surface wind speed estimation in the 22 May, 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado

Lombardo, Franklin T.; Roueche, David B.; Prevatt, David O.

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2014.12.007

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These damage-estimated wind speeds were compared to the wind speeds estimated by the tree-fall wind field model. A detailed comparison of the two wind speed estimation methodologies used by these teams found reasonably good agreement between the two independent methods, although in general the tree-fall estimated wind speeds were higher than those estimated from the EF-Scale (Lombardo et al, 2015). The objective of this study is to use a best-fit wind field model developed from both the tree-fall patterns and building damage observations to develop empirically-based fragility functions for wood-frame residential structures damaged during the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Development of empirically-based fragilities of residential damage in the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado

Roueche

Lombardo

Prevatt

2015

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Performance-Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering (PLSE 2015)

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Performance-based engineering (PBE) is a methodology that requires specification on a range of performances or target reliabilities for structures of different importance. Information on these 'performance levels' require a probabilistic assessment of the potential factors that may influence a design, including information on the hazard, load, resistance, loss estimates, expert opinion and public perception. This paper describes one such probabilistic assessment in the development of empirically-based fragility functions for tornadoes using damage assessment data and a tornado wind field model for the 22 May 2011 Joplin, MO tornado. The damage assessment data was collected during field surveys of more than 1,240 structures in the aftermath of the tornado, using provisions of the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale to assess the damage. The wind field model was developed from the tree-fall patterns noted in the damage path of the tornado. Fragility functions were developed for the Degrees of Damage (DOD) associated with One-and Two-Family Residences in the EF Scale. The empiricallyderived fragility functions were progressive in nature, with median wind speeds varying from 33.6 m/s for initiation of visible damage to 85.2 m/s for complete destruction. These functions were compared to existing fragility functions for straightline winds to evaluate potential differences in failure mechanisms for structures exposed to tornadoes. Wind speeds associated with the median failure probability were used to estimate load factors, defined as the square of the ratio of the straightline wind speed to the tornado wind speed. Structures tended to fail at lower wind speeds in tornadoes than in straightline winds, with load factors between 1.32 and 1.51. A fragility assessment in the context of PBE naturally requires attribution and quantification of all uncertainties. Uncertainties in the both the damage and wind speed estimation in the development of fragilities are quantified and assessed using Monte Carlo methods. Preliminary results show variance in fragility parameters is higher for higher damage states but all damage states have relatively low coefficients of variation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Development of empirically-based fragilities of residential damage in the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado

Roueche

Lombardo

Prevatt

2015

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Performance-Based and Life-Cycle Structural Engineering (PLSE 2015)

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“…2. Development of high-resolution, geocoded data sets, such as aerial photography, lidar, and ground-based documentation of post-event damage (e.g., Gurley and Masters, 2011;Lombardo et al, 2015), to reduce uncertainties in stochastic models characterizing the vulnerability of infrastructure to wind and earthquake damage. Modern catastrophe risk models ultimately seek to project damage, loss, and recovery time at the whole-building, infrastructure system, or regional scale; examples modeling tools include FEMA (2018) as well as the community and regional resilience modeling tools such as OpenQuake (Pagani et al, 2014) and those being developed by the Center for Risk-Based Community Resilience Planning (van de Lindt et al, 2015) and the NHERI SimCenter.…”

Section: Reconnaissance Instrumentation and Natural Hazard Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Needs, Challenges, and Strategic Approaches for Natural Hazards and Disaster Reconnaissance

Wartman

Berman

Bostrom

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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“…In order to generate tornado wind fields within the ETDA Tool, several additional parameters of the tornado were required, namely the tornado core radius, the maximum tangential velocity, and the translation speed. For the Joplin tornado, the core radius was taken as 257 m, based on the tree-fall conditioned tornado wind field model used in Lombardo et al (2015). The translation speed was taken as 13.3 m/s from Kuligowski et al (2014).…”

Section: Tornado Dataset For Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering-Based Tornado Damage Assessment: Numerical Tool for Assessing Tornado Vulnerability of Residential Structures

Jain

Bhusar²,

Roueche

et al. 2020

Front. Built Environ.

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Following a series of deadly tornadoes between 2011 and 2013, this paper develops a numerical tool to help communities better predict and quantify the potential tornado damage to single-family residential structures from a tornado strike. The objective is to determine the predictive capability of an engineering-based tornado damage-assessment (ETDA) Tool using published building damage observations captured by the authors in a recent tornado. The research is motivated by the need for the public to visualize the extent of tornado vulnerabilities of residential buildings in our communities. The research developed a numerical estimation model to aggregate damage that a specified tornado would cause to the residential wood-framed structures in a community. The ETDA Tool was developed around a Monte Carlo simulation engine, using theoretical models for tornado wind velocity and pressure drop in the tornado vortex, as well as experimentally-determined probability distribution functions for the structural resistances of eight building component systems selected to describe the structure. The output of the EDTA Tool is presented as series of mean damage ratios, and other statistics quantifying tornado-damage caused, plotted against distance away from the tornado vortex centerline. The paper explains the methodology of the approach and presents results comparing hindcast damage ratios against observed values of field-observations collected after a tornado strike on residential communities in Garland/Rowlett, TX. It was found the ETDA Tool provides reasonable agreement with the field damage observations to houses. The Tool could be used by a community to model any tornado path and/or size and estimate future damage. More research to further our understanding of tornado-induced wind loads and wind-borne debris effects is needed to increase confidence in its application to any tornado and any city.

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Comparison of two methods of near-surface wind speed estimation in the 22 May, 2011 Joplin, Missouri Tornado

Cited by 42 publications

References 33 publications

Development of empirically-based fragilities of residential damage in the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado

Development of empirically-based fragilities of residential damage in the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado

Research Needs, Challenges, and Strategic Approaches for Natural Hazards and Disaster Reconnaissance

Engineering-Based Tornado Damage Assessment: Numerical Tool for Assessing Tornado Vulnerability of Residential Structures

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