Comparison of two-, three-, and four-exposure quadrature phase-shifting holography

Abstract

In standard (four-exposure) quadrature phase-shifting holography (QPSH), two holograms and two intensity maps are acquired for zero-order-free and twin-image-free reconstruction. The measurement of the intensity map of the object light can be omitted in three-exposure QPSH. Furthermore, the measurements of the two intensity maps can be omitted in two-exposure QPSH, and the acquisition time of the overall holographic recording process is reduced. In this paper we examine the quality of the reconstructed images in two-, three-, and four-exposure QPSH, in simulations as well as in optical experiments. Various intensity ratios of the object light and the reference light are taken into account. Simulations show that two-and three-exposure QPSH can provide reconstructed images with quality comparable to that of four-exposure QPSH at a low intensity ratio. In practice the intensity ratio is limited by visibility, and thus four-exposure QPSH exhibits the best quality of the reconstructed image. The uniformity and the phase error of the reference light are also discussed. We found in most cases there is no significant difference between the reconstructed images in two-and three-exposure QPSH, and the quality of the reconstructed images is acceptable for visual applications such as the acquisition of three-dimensional scene for display or particle tracking.

Fast Method of Recovering Reference-Wave Intensity in Two-Step-Only Quadrature Phase-Shifting Holography

“…However, it is difficult to record a high-quality off-axis hologram in digital holography. When on-axis geometry is employed, we can eliminate the zeroth-order beam and twin-image noise with phase-shifting holography (PSH) [8,9]. Among the various techniques in PSH, two-step quadrature phase-shifting holography is one of the most widely used techniques by virtue of fewer recordings and easy operations as compared to other PSH techniques [10].…”

Proposal for Optical One-time Password Authentication Using Digital Holography

“…However, this method makes it difficult to deal with the encrypted information over a digital network, owing to the analog signal of a complex function with phase and amplitude. To overcome this problem, optical encryption techniques using phase-shifting digital holography are used to record and reconstruct the complex values of a hologram digitally [13][14][15]. In particular, we have presented some papers on optical encryption using phase-shifting digital holography [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

2-step Quadrature Phase-shifting Digital Holographic Optical Encryption using Orthogonal Polarization and Error Analysis

“…Among recent methods the phaseshifting digital holographic technique that uses the CCD camera for direct recording of a hologram has an advantage of real time digital information processing, and it is possible to obtain the full complex phase information. [15][16][17][18] Especially the 2-step phase-shifting interferometric technique is applied to cryptography. [19][20][21][22][23][24] In the previous papers [20,21,24], we proposed an optical encryption system using 2-step phase-shifting digital holography.…”