Comparison of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene sequences between white grapes (Vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin

Kobayashi, Shozo; Ishimaru, Megumi; Ding, Chenxu; Yakushiji, Hiroshi; Goto, Nami

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00425-8

Cited by 261 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Under natural conditions, 3-GT red grapes is expressed only in the skins after veraison (Boss et al, 1996b;Boss et al, 1996c;Holton et al, 1994;Kobayashi et al, 2001). We found a similar pattern in our study with 3-GT not being detectable before veraison, but then being up-regulated from veraison to maturity at which point it reached its highest level.…”

Section: Ufgt Gene Expression During Berry Developmentsupporting

confidence: 86%

Expression of Structural Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of <i>Vitis amurensis</i>

Zhao¹,

He²,

Malcolm³

et al. 2013

mpb

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The accumulation of anthocyanins in skins is one of the main features of red grape berry ripening. This research was designed to assess the changes in anthocyanin content in grape skins of V. amurensis and to explore mRNA transcriptions of 11 structural genes (PAL, CHS3, CHI1, F3H2, F3'H, F3'5'H, DFR, LDOX, UFGT, OMT and GST) related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during grape berry development, by the use of HPLC-MS/MS and real-time Q-PCR analysis. Accumulation of anthocyanins began at veraison, continued throughout the later berry development and reached a peak at maturity. Veraison is the time when the berries turn from green to purple. Expression of PAL, CHI1, and LDOX were up-regulated from 2 to 4 weeks after flowering (WAF), down-regulated from 6 WAF to veraison, whereas DFR was up-regulated at 8 WAF, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The expression of these genes at the transcriptional level had a positive correlation with the content of anthocyanins from veraison to maturity. The CHS3, F3'5'H, UFGT, GST, and OMT were down-regulated from 2 WAF to veraison, and then up-regulated from veraison to maturity. The transcriptional expressions of the 11 structural genes also showed positive correlations with the anthocyanin content from veraison to maturity. Positive correlations were also observed between OMT transcriptional level and the content of methoxyl-anthocyanins and between F3'5'H transcriptional level and the content of delphinidin anthocyanins. F3H2 and F3'H expression was up-regulated at 2 WAF. F3H2 expression was down-regulated from 4 WAF to veraison and then up-regulated again from veraison to maturity. F3'H expression was down-regulated at 4 WAF and then up-regulated again from 6 WAF to maturity. F3'H transcriptional level was correlated positively with the cyanidin anthocyanin concentration from veraison to maturity. These results indicate that the onset of anthocyanin synthesis during berry development coincides with a coordinated increase in the expression of a number of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.

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Section: Ufgt Gene Expression During Berry Developmentsupporting

confidence: 86%

Expression of Structural Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of <i>Vitis amurensis</i>

Zhao¹,

He²,

Malcolm³

et al. 2013

mpb

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“…3) is similar to what has been found in strawberry (Fragaria spp. ;Manning, 1998) and in grape berry (Boss et al, 1996;Kobayashi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Relation to Anthocyanin, Proanthocyanidin, and Flavonol Levels during Bilberry Fruit Development

Määttä²,

et al. 2002

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The production of anthocyanins in fruit tissues is highly controlled at the developmental level. We have studied the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes during the development of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit in relation to the accumulation of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols in wild berries and in color mutants of bilberry. The cDNA fragments of five genes from the flavonoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, and anthocyanidin synthase, were isolated from bilberry using the polymerase chain reaction technique, sequenced, and labeled with a digoxigenin-dUTP label. These homologous probes were used for determining the expression of the flavonoid pathway genes in bilberries. The contents of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and flavonols in ripening bilberries were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector and were identified using a mass spectrometry interface. Our results demonstrate a correlation between anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the flavonoid pathway genes during the ripening of berries. At the early stages of berry development, procyanidins and quercetin were the major flavonoids, but the levels decreased dramatically during the progress of ripening. During the later stages of ripening, the content of anthocyanins increased strongly and they were the major flavonoids in the ripe berry. The expression of flavonoid pathway genes in the color mutants of bilberry was reduced. A connection between flavonol and anthocyanin synthesis in bilberry was detected in this study and also in previous data collected from flavonol and anthocyanin analyses from other fruits. In accordance with this, models for the connection between flavonol and anthocyanin syntheses in fruit tissues are presented.Fruit development from flower to ripe fruit is a complex process that involves modification of cellular compartments, loss of cell wall structure causing softening, and accumulation of carbohydrates (Brady, 1987). The production of secondary metabolites during the ripening process is an essential phenomenon for the contribution of seed dispersal of the plant in the form of accumulation of pigments and flavor compounds. The significance of secondary products in defense against diseases in developing fruits should also be remembered (Harborne, 1997;Mercier, 1997).Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites that are widespread among plants and are involved in many plant functions. Anthocyanins, a flavonoid subclass, are the main pigments in flowers and fruits, acting as insect and animal attractants (Bohm, 1998;Harborne and Williams, 2000). Anthocyanins are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway (Fig. 1). Anthocyanin biosynthesis has been extensively studied in several plant species, and, therefore, detailed information of the course of reactions is available. Two classes of genes are required for anthocyanin biosynthesis, the structural genes encoding the enzymes...

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“…PAL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3 0 H, DFR, ANS, LODX, UFGT, OMT and GST structural genes are correlated with loci for anthocyanin synthesis in grapevine (Table 3), while the transcript levels of UFGT can be higher in red compared to white fruits (Kobayashi et al 2001;Jeong et al 2004;Cultrone et al 2010;Niu et al 2010;Zhang et al 2011;Xin et al 2012). In strawberry the genes DFR, ANS and UFGT have been shown to be positively correlated with anthocyanin synthesis, while C4H and 4CL did not seem to have a determining role in the differences in fruit pigmentation, but had close relation to synthesis of lignin monomers (Salvatierra et al 2010).…”

Section: Structural Genes Identified In Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fruit skin color and the role of anthocyanin

et al. 2013

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Fruit skin coloration is a unique phase in the life cycle of fruiting plants and is mainly attributed to anthocyanin pigments. Anthocyanins are the largest and most diverse group of plant pigments derived from the phenyl propanoid pathway. They are water-soluble phenolic compounds that form part of a large and common group of plant flavonoids. Coloration encompasses several physiological and biochemical changes that happen through differential expression of various developmentally regulated genes. Due to research importance and economic value, Arabidopsis thaliana (chromosome no. = 5) and Vitis vinifera (chromosome no. = 19) have been used for investigations of the structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Thus for this review, V. vinifera is used as a model crop. In anthocyanin biosynthesis, a wide range of constructive genes including phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase and anthocyanidin synthase that are regulated by MYB transcription factors are involved. These genes are coordinately expressed and their levels of expression are positively related to the anthocyanin concentrations. Expression or suppression of the constructive genes contributes to a variety of changes that make fruits visually attractive and edible. Transgenic approaches also have discovered a strong relationship between phenyl propanoid/flavonoid gene expressions for fruit skin coloration. In this study, various developments that have taken place in the last decade with respect to identifying and altering the function of color-related genes are described.

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Comparison of UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene sequences between white grapes (Vitis vinifera) and their sports with red skin

Cited by 261 publications

References 18 publications

Expression of Structural Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of <i>Vitis amurensis</i>

Expression of Structural Genes Related to Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of <i>Vitis amurensis</i>

Expression of Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Relation to Anthocyanin, Proanthocyanidin, and Flavonol Levels during Bilberry Fruit Development

Fruit skin color and the role of anthocyanin

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