Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults

Johnston, Bradley C.; Kanters, Steve; Bandayrel, Kristofer; Wu, Ping; Naji, Faysal; Siemieniuk, Reed A C; Ball, Geoff D.C.; Busse, Jason W.; Thorlund, Kristian; Guyatt, Gordon; Jansen, Jeroen P.; Mills, Edward J.

doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10397

Cited by 604 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…For instance, short-term trials often demonstrate meaningful changes in body weight as a consequence of macronutrient composition, but with few exceptions, the long-term trials do not (1)(2)(3). This inconsistency might arise because differences in macronutrient composition have only a transitory effect on the biological determinants of body weight, because adherence to dietary prescriptions diminishes with time, or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition

Esko¹,

Hirschhorn

Feldman

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Clinical nutrition research often lacks robust markers of compliance, complicating the interpretation of clinical trials and observational studies of free-living subjects. Objective: We aimed to examine metabolomics profiles in response to 3 diets that differed widely in macronutrient composition during a controlled feeding protocol. Design: Twenty-one adults with a high body mass index (in kg/m 2 ; mean 6 SD: 34.4 6 4.9) were given hypocaloric diets to promote weight loss corresponding to 10-15% of initial body weight. They were then studied during weight stability while consuming 3 test diets, each for a 4-wk period according to a crossover design: low fat (60% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 20% protein), low glycemic index (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat, 20% protein), or very-low carbohydrate (10% carbohydrate, 60% fat, 30% protein). Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and at the end of each 4-wk period in the fasting state for metabolomics analysis by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results: Of 333 metabolites, we identified 152 whose concentrations differed for $1 diet compared with the others, including diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols, branched-chain amino acids, and markers reflecting metabolic status. Analysis of groups of related metabolites, with the use of either principal components or pathways, revealed coordinated metabolic changes affected by dietary composition, including pathways related to amino acid metabolism. We constructed a classifier using the metabolites that differed between diets and were able to correctly identify the test diet from metabolite profiles in 60 of 63 cases (.95% accuracy). Analyses also suggest differential effects by diet on numerous cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Conclusions: Metabolomic profiling may be used to assess compliance during clinical nutrition trials and the validity of dietary assessment in observational studies. In addition, this methodology may help elucidate mechanistic pathways linking diet to chronic disease risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00315354.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;105:547-54.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition

Esko¹,

Hirschhorn

Feldman

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Although benefits may be seen with as little as 5% weight loss (19), sustained weight loss of $7% is optimal. These diets may differ in the types of foods they restrict (such as high-fat or high-carbohydrate foods) but are effective if they create the necessary energy deficit (12,(20)(21)(22). Use of meal replacement plans prescribed by trained practitioners, with close patient monitoring, can be beneficial.…”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

7. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018

2017

Diabetes Care

107

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The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.

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“…Although benefits may be seen with as little as 5% weight loss, sustained weight loss of $7% is optimal. These diets may differ in the types of foods they restrict (such as high-fat or high-carbohydrate foods) but are effective if they create the necessary energy deficit (13)(14)(15)(16). The diet choice should be based on the patient's health status and preferences.…”

Section: Lifestyle Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

6. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2015

Diabetes Care

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Comparison of Weight Loss Among Named Diet Programs in Overweight and Obese Adults

Abstract: Significant weight loss was observed with any low-carbohydrate or low-fat diet. Weight loss differences between individual named diets were small. This supports the practice of recommending any diet that a patient will adhere to in order to lose weight.

Cited by 604 publications

References 81 publications

Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition

Metabolomic profiles as reliable biomarkers of dietary composition

7. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018

6. Obesity Management for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

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