Comparison of Yellow Holocyclic and Green Anholocyclic Strains of Myzus persicae (Sulzer): Low Temperature Adaptability

Tamaki, George; Annis, Barry; Fox, Lee; Gupta, Raj Kumar; Meszleny, A.

doi:10.1093/ee/11.1.231

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Esses resultados evidenciam que o aumento da temperatura diminuiu a longevidade do pulgão, concordando com observações efetuadas por Tamaki et al (1982), os quais determinaram longevidade menor (16,2 dias) a 20°C; já Bastos et al (1996) encontraram longevidade maior (30 dias) em estudo desenvolvido a 25°C. Provavelmente, esses resultados distintos devem estar relacionados à existência de biótipos de M. persicae (Tamaki et al 1982) e às diferenças entre as plantas hospedeiras utilizadas, que podem alterar a longevidade de pulgões (Wale et al 2000).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Exigências térmicas e tabelas de vida de fertilidade de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em laboratório

Cividanes¹,

Souza²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-This study aimed to determine the thermal requirements of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), to calculate age-specific life tables, and to predict the occurrence of adults in the field by a degree-day model. The aphids were reared, individualized, in leaf cages set on kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., kept at 15, 20, 23, 25 and 30°C, in laboratory. The lowest developmental thermal threshold (Tb) was 2.2°C and the thermal constant (K) was 165.6 day-degree. The degree-day model predicted the occurrence of adults 0-1 day before the time they were first observed in the field. The age-specific life table parameters, on a degree-day time scale, indicated that the temperatures 23°C and 25°C provided the best thermal conditions for the population growth of M. persicae. At these temperatures the highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r m = 0.012) was observed as well as the lowest mean generation time (T = 303.8 degree-day and T = 272 degree-day, respectively) and population doubling time (TD = 57.8 degree-day).KEY WORDS: Green peach aphid, temperature, degree-day, population dynamics, Brassica oleracea RESUMO -Este estudo visou determinar as exigências térmicas do pulgão Myzus persicae (Sulzer), calcular tabelas de vida de fertilidade, e prever a ocorrência de adultos no campo, por meio de modelo de graus-dia. Os pulgões foram mantidos individualmente em gaiolas fixadas em folhas de couve, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC, em laboratório, às temperaturas de 15, 20, 23, 25 e 30ºC. O limite térmico inferior de desenvolvimento (Tb) e a constante térmica (K) foram 2,2ºC e 165,6 graus-dia, respectivamente. O modelo de graus-dia previu a ocorrência de adultos de M. persicae para 0 a1 dia antes da data em que eles foram observados no campo. Os parâmetros das tabelas de vida estimados na escala de tempo em graus-dia evidenciaram que as temperaturas de 23°C e 25°C foram as que proporcionaram as melhores condições térmicas para o crescimento populacional de M. persicae. Nessas temperaturas observou-se o maior valor da capacidade inata de aumentar em número (r m = 0,012), o menor valor da duração média da geração (T = 303,8 graus-dia e 272 graus-dia, respectivamente) e o menor tempo necessário para a população duplicar em número de indivíduos (TD = 57,8 graus-dia).

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Exigências térmicas e tabelas de vida de fertilidade de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em laboratório

Cividanes¹,

Souza²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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“…For these clones, the mode of reproduction (holocycly vs. anholocycly) was inferred from the stage collected (i.e. fundatrices on peaches), collection date (mid-winter as clonal populations) and host plant, based on predictions made from previous studies of holocyclic and anholocyclic populations of M. persicae in the Northwest (Annis et al 1981;Tamaki et al 1982a, b;Tamaki and Fox 1982). In insecticide bioassays, a single replicate of twenty to thirty large nymphs and adult alate M. persicae was treated with 2 ml of test solution.…”

Section: Insecticide Bioassaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duplication of the Rdl GABA receptor subunit gene in an insecticide-resistant aphid, Myzus persicae

et al. 1998

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Resistance to cyclodiene insecticides is associated with replacements of a single amino acid (alanine 302) in a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit encoded by the single-copy gene Resistance to dieldrin (Rdl). Alanine 302 is predicted to reside within the second membrane-spanning region of the Rdl receptor, a region that is thought to line the integral chloride ion channel pore. In all cyclodiene-resistant insects studied to date, this same alanine residue is replaced either by a serine, or, in some resistant strains of Drosophila simulans, a glycine residue. Therefore, individuals can carry only two different Rdl alleles. In contrast, here we report the presence of up to four different Rdl-like alleles in individual clones of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. In addition to the wild-type copy of Rdl gene (encoding A302 or allele A), M. persicae carries three other alleles with the following amino acid replacements: A302-->Glycine (allele G), A302-->SerineTCG (allele S) and A302-->SerineAGT (allele S'). Evidence from direct nucleotide sequencing and Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis shows that at least three of these different Rdl alleles (i.e. A, G and S) are commonly present in individual aphids or aphid clones. Southern analysis using allele-specific probes and analysis of sequences downstream of the exon containing the resistance-associated mutation confirm the presence of two independent Rdl-like loci in M. persicae. One locus carries the susceptible alanine (A) and/or resistant glycine (G) allele while the other carries the two serine alleles (S or S'). Whereas resistance levels are correlated with the glycine replacement, the S allele was present in all aphid clones, regardless of their resistance status. These results suggest that target site insensitivity is associated with replacements at the first (A/G) but not the second (S/S') locus. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences indicates that both putative aphid Rdl loci are monophyletic with respect to other insect Rdl genes and may have arisen through a recent gene duplication event. The implications of this duplication with respect to insecticide resistance and insect GABA receptor subunit diversity are discussed.

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“…Since holocyclic aphids overwinter as eggs, they can inhabit regions with severe winters. In contrast, the survival rate of anholocyclic nymphs of Myzus persicae was higher than that of holocyclic nymphs at mild winter temperatures such as 10°C and 5°C (Tamaki et al, 1982), indicating that the anholocyclic nymphs have evolved some degree of cold hardiness. Therefore, it is expected that the cold hardiness in the active stages of anholocyclic aphids is higher than that of holocyclic aphids at prefreeze temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura crassicauda and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Asai

Yoshida

Honda

et al. 2002

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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The cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani and Megoura crassicauda, was investigated using the active stages of holocyclic and anholocyclic clones. Although a progressive increase of supercooling points (SCPs) was exhibited with increasing age in the three aphid species, little variation in the SCPs was observed among the species at the same developmental stages. However, the survival rate at a prefreeze temperature of Ϫ10°C differed among the three aphid species. The survival rate of both nymphs and adults of M. crassicauda was the lowest and that of A. pisum the highest. At Ϫ10°C, the survival rate of fourth-stadium nymphs of A. pisum reared at 15°C under a short photoperiod (10L : 14D) was higher than that of the same stadium nymphs reared at 20°C under a long photoperiod (16L : 8D), but there was no significant difference in the survival rate between the holocyclic and anholocyclic clones reared under the same conditions. These results indicate that nymphs and adults of both holocyclic and anholocyclic clones have insufficient cold hardiness to survive the severe winter in the northern parts of Japan. Furthermore, the distribution of the two life cycle clones of M. crassicauda in Japan was estimated from the different levels of cold hardiness among the three aphid species.

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Comparison of Yellow Holocyclic and Green Anholocyclic Strains of Myzus persicae (Sulzer): Low Temperature Adaptability

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Exigências térmicas e tabelas de vida de fertilidade de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em laboratório

Exigências térmicas e tabelas de vida de fertilidade de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em laboratório

Duplication of the Rdl GABA receptor subunit gene in an insecticide-resistant aphid, Myzus persicae

Cold hardiness of three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Megoura crassicauda and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

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